The life sulfuric: microbial ecology of sulfur cycling in marine sediments

Summary Almost the entire seafloor is covered with sediments that can be more than 10 000 m thick and represent a vast microbial ecosystem that is a major component of Earth's element and energy cycles. Notably, a significant proportion of microbial life in marine sediments can exploit energy c...

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Vydáno v:	Environmental microbiology reports Ročník 9; číslo 4; s. 323 - 344
Hlavní autoři:	Wasmund, Kenneth, Mußmann, Marc, Loy, Alexander
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.08.2017 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Témata:	Bacteria - classification Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - isolation & purification Bacteria - metabolism Biogeochemistry Biosphere carbon Carbon cycle Cycles Cytochrome Ecological niches Ecology Ecosystem energy Energy conservation Enzymes Genetic diversity Genetic transformation Geologic Sediments - chemistry Geologic Sediments - microbiology Guilds Hydrogen sulfide iron Manganese Marine ecology Marine ecosystems Marine microorganisms Marine sediments microbial ecology Microorganisms Minireview Minireviews Molybdenum niches nitrogen Ocean floor organic sulfur compounds Organosulfur compounds Oxidation phenotype Phylogeny Physiology Proteins Redox properties Respiration Seawater - analysis Seawater - microbiology Sediments Sulfate reduction Sulfates Sulfur Sulfur - analysis Sulfur - metabolism Sulfur compounds Sulfur cycle
ISSN:	1758-2229, 1758-2229
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Summary Almost the entire seafloor is covered with sediments that can be more than 10 000 m thick and represent a vast microbial ecosystem that is a major component of Earth's element and energy cycles. Notably, a significant proportion of microbial life in marine sediments can exploit energy conserved during transformations of sulfur compounds among different redox states. Sulfur cycling, which is primarily driven by sulfate reduction, is tightly interwoven with other important element cycles (carbon, nitrogen, iron, manganese) and therefore has profound implications for both cellular‐ and ecosystem‐level processes. Sulfur‐transforming microorganisms have evolved diverse genetic, metabolic, and in some cases, peculiar phenotypic features to fill an array of ecological niches in marine sediments. Here, we review recent and selected findings on the microbial guilds that are involved in the transformation of different sulfur compounds in marine sediments and emphasise how these are interlinked and have a major influence on ecology and biogeochemistry in the seafloor. Extraordinary discoveries have increased our knowledge on microbial sulfur cycling, mainly in sulfate‐rich surface sediments, yet many questions remain regarding how sulfur redox processes may sustain the deep‐subsurface biosphere and the impact of organic sulfur compounds on the marine sulfur cycle.
Bibliografie:	All authors contributed equally to this review. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1758-2229 1758-2229
DOI:	10.1111/1758-2229.12538