Infection-induced inflammatory response of adipocytes in vitro

Background: Abdominal obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear but adipocyte dysfunction is thought to be crucial. Infections are associated with the development of atheroscler...

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Vydáno v:	International Journal of Obesity Ročník 32; číslo 6; s. 892 - 901
Hlavní autoři:	Bouwman, J.J.M, Visseren, F.L.J, Bouter, K.P, Diepersloot, R.J.A
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.06.2008 Nature Publishing Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	Abdominal Fat - cytology Abdominal Fat - metabolism Adenoviridae Adenovirus Adenovirus Infections, Human - complications Adenovirus Infections, Human - metabolism adipocytes Adipocytes - metabolism Adipocytes - virology adiponectin Adiponectin - biosynthesis atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - etiology Biological and medical sciences Cardiovascular diseases cell differentiation Cells, Cultured Chlamydophila Infections - complications Chlamydophila Infections - metabolism Chlamydophila pneumoniae Complications and side effects cultured cells cytokines Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus Infections - complications Cytomegalovirus Infections - metabolism diabetes mellitus Diabetes Mellitus - etiology Diagnosis Epidemiology Fat cells Health aspects Health Promotion and Disease Prevention human cell lines Humans in vitro studies In Vitro Techniques Infection Inflammation Influenza A virus Influenza, Human - complications Influenza, Human - metabolism interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 - biosynthesis Internal Medicine Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Microorganisms Obesity original-article pathophysiology Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - biosynthesis plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 preadipocytes Public Health Respiratory syncitial virus Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - complications Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - metabolism Risk factors Sexually transmitted diseases STD tumor necrosis factor-alpha Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - biosynthesis vertebrate viruses Netherlands infection TNF-α adipocytes IL-6 adenovirus Adipocyte Obesity Adenoviridae Nutrition Cytokine Nutrition disorder Metabolic diseases Inflammation In vitro Virus Infection Interleukin 6 Nutritional status Tumor necrosis factor α
ISSN:	0307-0565, 1476-5497, 1476-5497
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Shrnutí:	Background: Abdominal obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear but adipocyte dysfunction is thought to be crucial. Infections are associated with the development of atherosclerosis as well as diabetes. In this study we investigated whether adipocytes can be infected and whether this results in production of inflammatory cytokines relevant for the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Methods: Pre-adipocytes were cultured and differentiated into mature adipocytes in vitro. Adipocytes and pre-adipocytes were incubated with infective and heat-inactivated Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus (Ad) subtypes 2 and 36, influenza A and respiratory syncitial virus (RSV). After 48 h, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured in supernatants. Results: Infection of adipocytes with Ad-36, CMV and RSV resulted in increased IL-6 production from 19222 pg ml- 1 (uninfected) to 103086 pg ml- 1, 83859 pg ml- 1 and 1241191 pg ml- 1, respectively (all P<0.01 vs control). In addition, Ad-36 infection slightly reduced PAI production in adipocytes (28526.8 ng ml- 1 vs uninfected: 47771.2 ng ml- 1; P=0.05) and pre-adipocytes (70943.3 ng ml- 1 vs uninfected: 107171.8 ng ml- 1; P<0.01). In contrast, human Ad type 2 did not exert any effect on IL-6 or PAI production. None of the microorganisms induced significant changes in adiponectin and/or TNF- production. Conclusions: Adipocytes can be infected with several microorganisms in vitro. Infection of adipocytes with Ad-36, but not Ad-2 leads to increased production of IL-6 which might contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation, a process known to be involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.
Bibliografie:	SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-News-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0307-0565 1476-5497 1476-5497
DOI:	10.1038/ijo.2008.36