Infection-induced inflammatory response of adipocytes in vitro

Background: Abdominal obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear but adipocyte dysfunction is thought to be crucial. Infections are associated with the development of atheroscler...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International Journal of Obesity Vol. 32; no. 6; pp. 892 - 901
Main Authors: Bouwman, J.J.M, Visseren, F.L.J, Bouter, K.P, Diepersloot, R.J.A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.06.2008
Nature Publishing
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
Abdominal Fat - cytology
Abdominal Fat - metabolism
Adenoviridae
Adenovirus
Adenovirus Infections, Human - complications
Adenovirus Infections, Human - metabolism
adipocytes
Adipocytes - metabolism
Adipocytes - virology
adiponectin
Adiponectin - biosynthesis
atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - etiology
Biological and medical sciences
Cardiovascular diseases
cell differentiation
Cells, Cultured
Chlamydophila Infections - complications
Chlamydophila Infections - metabolism
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Complications and side effects
cultured cells
cytokines
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus Infections - complications
Cytomegalovirus Infections - metabolism
diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - etiology
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Fat cells
Health aspects
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
human cell lines
Humans
in vitro studies
In Vitro Techniques
Infection
Inflammation
Influenza A virus
Influenza, Human - complications
Influenza, Human - metabolism
interleukin-6
Interleukin-6 - biosynthesis
Internal Medicine
Medical sciences
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metabolic Diseases
Microorganisms
Obesity
original-article
pathophysiology
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - biosynthesis
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
preadipocytes
Public Health
Respiratory syncitial virus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - complications
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - metabolism
Risk factors
Sexually transmitted diseases
STD
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - biosynthesis
vertebrate viruses
Netherlands
infection
TNF-α
adipocytes
IL-6
adenovirus
Adipocyte
Obesity
Adenoviridae
Nutrition
Cytokine
Nutrition disorder
Metabolic diseases
Inflammation
In vitro
Virus
Infection
Interleukin 6
Nutritional status
Tumor necrosis factor α
ISSN:0307-0565, 1476-5497, 1476-5497
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Summary:Background: Abdominal obesity plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear but adipocyte dysfunction is thought to be crucial. Infections are associated with the development of atherosclerosis as well as diabetes. In this study we investigated whether adipocytes can be infected and whether this results in production of inflammatory cytokines relevant for the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Methods: Pre-adipocytes were cultured and differentiated into mature adipocytes in vitro. Adipocytes and pre-adipocytes were incubated with infective and heat-inactivated Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus (CMV), adenovirus (Ad) subtypes 2 and 36, influenza A and respiratory syncitial virus (RSV). After 48 h, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured in supernatants. Results: Infection of adipocytes with Ad-36, CMV and RSV resulted in increased IL-6 production from 19222 pg ml- 1 (uninfected) to 103086 pg ml- 1, 83859 pg ml- 1 and 1241191 pg ml- 1, respectively (all P<0.01 vs control). In addition, Ad-36 infection slightly reduced PAI production in adipocytes (28526.8 ng ml- 1 vs uninfected: 47771.2 ng ml- 1; P=0.05) and pre-adipocytes (70943.3 ng ml- 1 vs uninfected: 107171.8 ng ml- 1; P<0.01). In contrast, human Ad type 2 did not exert any effect on IL-6 or PAI production. None of the microorganisms induced significant changes in adiponectin and/or TNF- production. Conclusions: Adipocytes can be infected with several microorganisms in vitro. Infection of adipocytes with Ad-36, but not Ad-2 leads to increased production of IL-6 which might contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation, a process known to be involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes.
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ISSN:0307-0565
1476-5497
1476-5497
DOI:10.1038/ijo.2008.36