Time and Mode of Epidemic HCV-2 Subtypes Spreading in Europe: Phylodynamics in Italy and Albania

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 causes about 10% of global infections and has the most variable circulation profile in Europe. The history of “endemic” HCV-2 subtypes has been satisfactorily reconstructed, instead there is little information about the recent spread of the “epidemic” subtypes, inc...

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Veröffentlicht in:Diagnostics (Basel) Jg. 11; H. 2; S. 327
Hauptverfasser: Ebranati, Erika, Mancon, Alessandro, Airoldi, Martina, Renica, Silvia, Shkjezi, Renata, Dragusha, Pranvera, Della Ventura, Carla, Ciccaglione, Anna Rita, Ciccozzi, Massimo, Bino, Silvia, Tanzi, Elisabetta, Micheli, Valeria, Riva, Elisabetta, Galli, Massimo, Zehender, Gianguglielmo
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.02.2021
MDPI
Schlagworte:
Chronic illnesses
Datasets
epidemiological history of HCV-2
evolutionary demography of HCV-2
Genotype & phenotype
HCV-2 Re estimation
HCV-2 subtypes
Hepatitis
Infections
phylodynamics of HCV-2 in Italy and Albania
Phylogenetics
Netherlands
Guinea Bissau
Europe
Africa
Italy
Ghana
France
Albania
Indonesia
HCV-2 subtypes
epidemiological history of HCV-2
HCV-2 Re estimation
phylodynamics of HCV-2 in Italy and Albania
evolutionary demography of HCV-2
ISSN:2075-4418, 2075-4418
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2 causes about 10% of global infections and has the most variable circulation profile in Europe. The history of “endemic” HCV-2 subtypes has been satisfactorily reconstructed, instead there is little information about the recent spread of the “epidemic” subtypes, including HCV-2c. To investigate the origin and dispersion pathways of HCV-2c, 245 newly characterized Italian and Albanian HCV-2 NS5B sequences were aligned with 247 publicly available sequences and included in phylogeographic and phylodynamic analyses using the Bayesian framework. Our findings show that HCV-2c was the most prevalent subtype in Italy and Albania. The phylogeographic analysis suggested an African origin of HCV-2c before it reached Italy about in the 1940s. Phylodynamic analysis revealed an exponential increase in the effective number of infections and Re in Italy between the 1940s and 1960s, and in Albania between the 1990s and the early 2000s. It seems very likely that HCV-2c reached Italy from Africa at the time of the second Italian colonization but did not reach Albania until the period of dramatic migration to Italy in the 1990s. This study contributes to reconstructing the history of the spread of epidemic HCV-2 subtypes to Europe.
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ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics11020327