Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally. Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide, approximately one third have signs of DR and of these, a further one third of DR is vision-threatening DR, including diabetic macular edema (DME). The identifica...

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Published in:	Eye and vision (Novato, Calif.) Vol. 2; no. 1; p. 17
Main Authors:	Lee, Ryan, Wong, Tien Y., Sabanayagam, Charumathi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London BioMed Central 30.09.2015 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Eyes & eyesight Medicine Medicine & Public Health Ophthalmology Review Diabetic retinopathy Epidemiology Risk factors Diabetic macular edema
ISSN:	2326-0254, 2326-0246, 2326-0254
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally. Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide, approximately one third have signs of DR and of these, a further one third of DR is vision-threatening DR, including diabetic macular edema (DME). The identification of established modifiable risk factors for DR such as hyperglycemia and hypertension has provided the basis for risk factor control in preventing onset and progression of DR. Additional research investigating novel risk factors has improved our understanding of multiple biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DR and DME, especially those involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Variations in DR prevalence between populations have also sparked interest in genetic studies to identify loci associated with disease susceptibility. In this review, major trends in the prevalence, incidence, progression and regression of DR and DME are explored, and gaps in literature identified. Established and novel risk factors are also extensively reviewed with a focus on landmark studies and updates from the recent literature.
AbstractList	Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally. Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide, approximately one third have signs of DR and of these, a further one third of DR is vision-threatening DR, including diabetic macular edema (DME). The identification of established modifiable risk factors for DR such as hyperglycemia and hypertension has provided the basis for risk factor control in preventing onset and progression of DR. Additional research investigating novel risk factors has improved our understanding of multiple biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DR and DME, especially those involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Variations in DR prevalence between populations have also sparked interest in genetic studies to identify loci associated with disease susceptibility. In this review, major trends in the prevalence, incidence, progression and regression of DR and DME are explored, and gaps in literature identified. Established and novel risk factors are also extensively reviewed with a focus on landmark studies and updates from the recent literature. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20-74 years [1]. From 1990-2010, DR ranked as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness and fifth most common cause of moderate to severe visual impairment [2]. In 2010, of an estimated 285 million people worldwide with diabetes, over one-third have signs of DR, and a third of these are afflicted with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR), defined as severe non-proliferative DR or proliferative DR (PDR) or the presence of diabetic macular edema (DME) [3]. These estimates are expected to rise further due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes, ageing of the population and increasing of life expectancy of those with diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally. Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide, approximately one third have signs of DR and of these, a further one third of DR is vision-threatening DR, including diabetic macular edema (DME). The identification of established modifiable risk factors for DR such as hyperglycemia and hypertension has provided the basis for risk factor control in preventing onset and progression of DR. Additional research investigating novel risk factors has improved our understanding of multiple biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DR and DME, especially those involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Variations in DR prevalence between populations have also sparked interest in genetic studies to identify loci associated with disease susceptibility. In this review, major trends in the prevalence, incidence, progression and regression of DR and DME are explored, and gaps in literature identified. Established and novel risk factors are also extensively reviewed with a focus on landmark studies and updates from the recent literature.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally. Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide, approximately one third have signs of DR and of these, a further one third of DR is vision-threatening DR, including diabetic macular edema (DME). The identification of established modifiable risk factors for DR such as hyperglycemia and hypertension has provided the basis for risk factor control in preventing onset and progression of DR. Additional research investigating novel risk factors has improved our understanding of multiple biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DR and DME, especially those involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Variations in DR prevalence between populations have also sparked interest in genetic studies to identify loci associated with disease susceptibility. In this review, major trends in the prevalence, incidence, progression and regression of DR and DME are explored, and gaps in literature identified. Established and novel risk factors are also extensively reviewed with a focus on landmark studies and updates from the recent literature.
ArticleNumber	17
Author	Wong, Tien Y. Lee, Ryan Sabanayagam, Charumathi
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ryan surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Ryan organization: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Tien Y. surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Tien Y. organization: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School – sequence: 3 givenname: Charumathi surname: Sabanayagam fullname: Sabanayagam, Charumathi email: charumathi.sabanayagam@seri.com.sg organization: Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26605370$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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PublicationTitleAlternate	Eye Vis (Lond)
PublicationYear	2015
Publisher	BioMed Central Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml	– name: BioMed Central – name: Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet	Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally. Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide, approximately one... Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20-74 years [1]. From 1990-2010, DR ranked as the fifth most common cause of...
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SubjectTerms	Eyes & eyesight Medicine Medicine & Public Health Ophthalmology Review
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Title	Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40662-015-0026-2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26605370 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1772271936 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1749603991 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4657234
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