Mitochondria: An Organelle of Bacterial Origin Controlling Inflammation

Inflammation is a cellular and molecular response to infection and/or tissues injury. While a suited inflammatory response in intensity and time allows for killing pathogens, clearing necrotic tissue, and healing injury; an excessive inflammatory response drives various diseases in which inflammatio...

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Veröffentlicht in:Frontiers in immunology Jg. 9; S. 536
Hauptverfasser: Meyer, Alain, Laverny, Gilles, Bernardi, Livio, Charles, Anne Laure, Alsaleh, Ghada, Pottecher, Julien, Sibilia, Jean, Geny, Bernard
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland Frontiers 19.04.2018
Frontiers Media S.A
Schlagworte:
Adaptive immunology
Cellular Biology
dermatomyositis
Immunology
inflammation
Innate immunity
Life Sciences
mitochondria
myositis
reactive oxygen species
rheumatoid arthritis
Subcellular Processes
systemic lupus erythematosus
inflammation
mitochondria
myositis
reactive oxygen species
dermatomyositis
rheumatoid arthritis
ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Zusammenfassung:Inflammation is a cellular and molecular response to infection and/or tissues injury. While a suited inflammatory response in intensity and time allows for killing pathogens, clearing necrotic tissue, and healing injury; an excessive inflammatory response drives various diseases in which inflammation and tissues damages/stress self-sustain each other. Microbes have been poorly implied in non-resolving inflammation, emphasizing the importance of endogenous regulation of inflammation. Mitochondria have been historically identified as the main source of cellular energy, by coupling the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate with the production of high amount of adenosine triphosphate by the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are also the main source of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, research in the last decade has highlighted that since its integration in eukaryote cells, this organelle of bacterial origin has not only been tolerated by immunity, but has also been placed as a central regulator of cell defense. In intact cells, mitochondria regulate cell responses to critical innate immune receptors engagement. Downstream intracellular signaling pathways interact with mitochondrial proteins and are tuned by mitochondrial functioning. Moreover, upon cell stress or damages, mitochondrial components are released into the cytoplasm or the extra cellular milieu, where they act as danger signals when recognized by innate immune receptors. Finally, by regulating the energetic state of immunological synapse between dendritic cells and lymphocytes, mitochondria regulate the inflammation fate toward immunotolerance or immunogenicity. As dysregulations of these processes have been recently involved in various diseases, the identification of the underlying mechanisms might open new avenues to modulate inflammation.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
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PMCID: PMC5916961
Edited by: Olivier Garraud, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, France
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Inflammation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Reviewed by: Sinisa Savic, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Richard Eugene Frye, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, United States
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00536