Approximal Fluoride Concentration Using Different Fluoridated Products Alone or in Combination

The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called tria...

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Published in:	Caries research Vol. 42; no. 1; pp. 73 - 78
Main Authors:	Särner, B., Birkhed, D., Lingström, P.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel, Switzerland S. Karger AG 01.01.2008
Subjects:	administration & dosage Adult Analysis of Variance Cariostatic Agents Cariostatic Agents - administration & dosage Cariostatic Agents - pharmacokinetics Clinical Medicine Cross-Over Studies Dental Devices Dental Devices, Home Care Dental Enamel Dental Enamel - metabolism Dentistry Female Gels Home Care Humans Klinisk medicin Male Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap metabolism Middle Aged Mouthwashes Odontologi Odontology Original Paper pharmacokinetics Single-Blind Method Sodium Fluoride Sodium Fluoride - administration & dosage Sodium Fluoride - pharmacokinetics Toothbrushing Toothpaste Toothpastes Toothpaste Fluoride Fluoride mouthrinse Toothpicks Interproximal area Fluoride gel Dental flosses
ISSN:	0008-6568, 1421-976X, 1421-976X
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Abstract	The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called trial I and trial II). The F concentration was studied after treatment with toothpicks, dental flosses, an interdental brush dipped in 0.2 or 0.32% F gels, brushing with toothpaste containing 0.32% F and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF solution. The results of trial I revealed that the rinsing solution resulted in the highest approximal F values, followed by toothpicks and brushing. When brushing was combined with either flossing or toothpick, the sequence order of the two methods had less influence. However, when combined with rinsing it appeared to be better to use the floss or the toothpicks first, prior to the mouthrinse. In trial II, treatment with the gels alone, and in combination with brushing, resulted in higher approximal F concentrations compared with brushing alone. The data indicate that the order of usage when combining products may be of importance when it comes to obtaining high F levels at the approximal sites and that an interdental brush with F gel after toothbrushing may be a suitable method, called ‘Inter Dental Brush Gel Method’, to produce elevated F concentrations at approximal sites.
AbstractList	The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called trial I and trial II). The F concentration was studied after treatment with toothpicks, dental flosses, an interdental brush dipped in 0.2 or 0.32% F gels, brushing with toothpaste containing 0.32% F and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF solution. The results of trial I revealed that the rinsing solution resulted in the highest approximal F values, followed by toothpicks and brushing. When brushing was combined with either flossing or toothpick, the sequence order of the two methods had less influence. However, when combined with rinsing it appeared to be better to use the floss or the toothpicks first, prior to the mouthrinse. In trial II, treatment with the gels alone, and in combination with brushing, resulted in higher approximal F concentrations compared with brushing alone. The data indicate that the order of usage when combining products may be of importance when it comes to obtaining high F levels at the approximal sites and that an interdental brush with F gel after toothbrushing may be a suitable method, called ‘Inter Dental Brush Gel Method’, to produce elevated F concentrations at approximal sites. The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called trial I and trial II). The F concentration was studied after treatment with toothpicks, dental flosses, an interdental brush dipped in 0.2 or 0.32% F gels, brushing with toothpaste containing 0.32% F and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF solution. The results of trial I revealed that the rinsing solution resulted in the highest approximal F values, followed by toothpicks and brushing. When brushing was combined with either flossing or toothpick, the sequence order of the two methods had less influence. However, when combined with rinsing it appeared to be better to use the floss or the toothpicks first, prior to the mouthrinse. In trial II, treatment with the gels alone, and in combination with brushing, resulted in higher approximal F concentrations compared with brushing alone. The data indicate that the order of usage when combining products may be of importance when it comes to obtaining high F levels at the approximal sites and that an interdental brush with F gel after toothbrushing may be a suitable method, called 'Inter Dental Brush Gel Method', to produce elevated F concentrations at approximal sites. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called trial I and trial II). The F concentration was studied after treatment with toothpicks, dental flosses, an interdental brush dipped in 0.2 or 0.32% F gels, brushing with toothpaste containing 0.32% F and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF solution. The results of trial I revealed that the rinsing solution resulted in the highest approximal F values, followed by toothpicks and brushing. When brushing was combined with either flossing or toothpick, the sequence order of the two methods had less influence. However, when combined with rinsing it appeared to be better to use the floss or the toothpicks first, prior to the mouthrinse. In trial II, treatment with the gels alone, and in combination with brushing, resulted in higher approximal F concentrations compared with brushing alone. The data indicate that the order of usage when combining products may be of importance when it comes to obtaining high F levels at the approximal sites and that an interdental brush with F gel after toothbrushing may be a suitable method, called 'Inter Dental Brush Gel Method', to produce elevated F concentrations at approximal sites.The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called trial I and trial II). The F concentration was studied after treatment with toothpicks, dental flosses, an interdental brush dipped in 0.2 or 0.32% F gels, brushing with toothpaste containing 0.32% F and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF solution. The results of trial I revealed that the rinsing solution resulted in the highest approximal F values, followed by toothpicks and brushing. When brushing was combined with either flossing or toothpick, the sequence order of the two methods had less influence. However, when combined with rinsing it appeared to be better to use the floss or the toothpicks first, prior to the mouthrinse. In trial II, treatment with the gels alone, and in combination with brushing, resulted in higher approximal F concentrations compared with brushing alone. The data indicate that the order of usage when combining products may be of importance when it comes to obtaining high F levels at the approximal sites and that an interdental brush with F gel after toothbrushing may be a suitable method, called 'Inter Dental Brush Gel Method', to produce elevated F concentrations at approximal sites. The aim of the present investigation was to measure the approximal fluoride (F) concentration after using different F-containing products, either alone or in combination. Ten subjects participated on a total of 17 occasions, which were randomized, distributed and divided into two trials (called trial I and trial II). The F concentration was studied after treatment with toothpicks, dental flosses, an interdental brush dipped in 0.2 or 0.32% F gels, brushing with toothpaste containing 0.32% F and a mouthrinse with 0.2% NaF solution. The results of trial I revealed that the rinsing solution resulted in the highest approximal F values, followed by toothpicks and brushing. When brushing was combined with either flossing or toothpick, the sequence order of the two methods had less influence. However, when combined with rinsing it appeared to be better to use the floss or the toothpicks first, prior to the mouthrinse. In trial II, treatment with the gels alone, and in combination with brushing, resulted in higher approximal F concentrations compared with brushing alone. The data indicate that the order of usage when combining products may be of importance when it comes to obtaining high F levels at the approximal sites and that an interdental brush with F gel after toothbrushing may be a suitable method, called 'Inter Dental Brush Gel Method', to produce elevated F concentrations at approximal sites. Copyright [copy 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
Author	Särner, B. Lingström, P. Birkhed, D.
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Keywords	Toothpaste Fluoride Fluoride mouthrinse Toothpicks Interproximal area Fluoride gel Dental flosses
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References	Gisselson H, Birkhed D, Emilson CG: Effect of professional flossing with NaF or SnF2 gel on approximal caries in 13-16-year-old schoolchildren. Acta Odontol Scand 1999;5:121-125.10.1080%2F000163599429020 Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S: Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;1:CD002781. Zimmer S: Caries-preventive effects of fluoride products when used in conjunction with fluoride dentifrice. Caries Res 2001;35:18-21.1135905210.1159%2F000049104 Särner B, Birkhed D, Huysmans MCDNJM, Ruben JL, Fidler V, Lingström P: Effect of fluoridated toothpicks and dental flosses on enamel and dentine and on plaque composition in situ. Caries Res 2005;39:52-59.1559173510.1159%2F000081657 Särner B, Lingström P, Birkhed D: Fluoride release from NaF- and AmF-impregnated toothpicks and dental flosses in vitro and in vivo. Acta Odontol Scand 2003;61:289-296.1476378110.1080%2F00016350310005998 Christou V, Timmerman MF, Van der Velden U, Van der Weijden FA: Comparison of different approaches of interdental oral hygiene: interdental brushes versus dental floss. J Periodontol 1998;69:759-764.9706852 Sawyer KK, Donly KJ: Remineralization effects of a sodium fluoride bioerodible gel. Am J Dent 2004;17:245-248.15478484 Swedberg Y, Fredén H, Norén JG: Caries extreme groups among adolescents, leaving organized dental care in Göteborg, Sweden. Swed Dent J 1997;21:221-226.9505334 Mejàre I, Källestål C, Stenlund H, Johansson H: Caries development from 11 to 22 years of age: a prospective radiographic study. Caries Res 1998;32:10-16.943856610.1159%2F000016424 Moberg Sköld U, Birkhed D, Borg E, Petersson LG: Approximal caries development in adolescents with low to moderate caries risk after different 3-year school-based supervised fluoride mouth rinsing programmes. Caries Res 2005;39:529-535.1625180010.1159%2F000088191 Fure S, Gahnberg L, Birkhed D: A comparison of four home-care fluoride programs on the caries incidence in the elderly. Gerodontology 1998;15:51-60.1053017710.1111%2Fj.1741-2358.1998.00051.x Moberg Sköld U, Klock B, Rasmusson C-G, Torstensson T: Is caries prevalence underestimated in today's caries examination? A study on 16-year-old children in the county of Bohuslän, Sweden. Swed Dent J 1995;19:213-217.8614902 Sundberg H: Changes in the prevalence of caries in children and adolescents in Sweden 1985-1994. Eur J Oral Sci 1996;104:470-476.893059910.1111%2Fj.1600-0722.1996.tb00114.x Hugoson A, Koch G, Göthberg C, Nydell Helkimo A, Lundin S-Å, Norderyd O, Sjödin B, Sondell K: Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden during 30 years (1973-2003). II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings. Swed Dent J 2005;29:139-155.16463570 Kashani H, Birkhed D, Petersson LG: Fluoride concentration in the approximal area after using toothpicks and other fluoride-containing products. Eur J Oral Sci 1998;106:564-570.952735610.1046%2Fj.0909-8836.1998.eos106105.x Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S, Sheiham A: Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;2:CD002280. ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 ref2 ref1
References_xml	– reference: Sundberg H: Changes in the prevalence of caries in children and adolescents in Sweden 1985-1994. Eur J Oral Sci 1996;104:470-476.893059910.1111%2Fj.1600-0722.1996.tb00114.x – reference: Swedberg Y, Fredén H, Norén JG: Caries extreme groups among adolescents, leaving organized dental care in Göteborg, Sweden. Swed Dent J 1997;21:221-226.9505334 – reference: Fure S, Gahnberg L, Birkhed D: A comparison of four home-care fluoride programs on the caries incidence in the elderly. Gerodontology 1998;15:51-60.1053017710.1111%2Fj.1741-2358.1998.00051.x – reference: Christou V, Timmerman MF, Van der Velden U, Van der Weijden FA: Comparison of different approaches of interdental oral hygiene: interdental brushes versus dental floss. J Periodontol 1998;69:759-764.9706852 – reference: Moberg Sköld U, Klock B, Rasmusson C-G, Torstensson T: Is caries prevalence underestimated in today's caries examination? A study on 16-year-old children in the county of Bohuslän, Sweden. Swed Dent J 1995;19:213-217.8614902 – reference: Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S, Sheiham A: Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;2:CD002280. – reference: Zimmer S: Caries-preventive effects of fluoride products when used in conjunction with fluoride dentifrice. Caries Res 2001;35:18-21.1135905210.1159%2F000049104 – reference: Gisselson H, Birkhed D, Emilson CG: Effect of professional flossing with NaF or SnF2 gel on approximal caries in 13-16-year-old schoolchildren. Acta Odontol Scand 1999;5:121-125.10.1080%2F000163599429020 – reference: Särner B, Lingström P, Birkhed D: Fluoride release from NaF- and AmF-impregnated toothpicks and dental flosses in vitro and in vivo. Acta Odontol Scand 2003;61:289-296.1476378110.1080%2F00016350310005998 – reference: Mejàre I, Källestål C, Stenlund H, Johansson H: Caries development from 11 to 22 years of age: a prospective radiographic study. Caries Res 1998;32:10-16.943856610.1159%2F000016424 – reference: Kashani H, Birkhed D, Petersson LG: Fluoride concentration in the approximal area after using toothpicks and other fluoride-containing products. Eur J Oral Sci 1998;106:564-570.952735610.1046%2Fj.0909-8836.1998.eos106105.x – reference: Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S: Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;1:CD002781. – reference: Moberg Sköld U, Birkhed D, Borg E, Petersson LG: Approximal caries development in adolescents with low to moderate caries risk after different 3-year school-based supervised fluoride mouth rinsing programmes. Caries Res 2005;39:529-535.1625180010.1159%2F000088191 – reference: Särner B, Birkhed D, Huysmans MCDNJM, Ruben JL, Fidler V, Lingström P: Effect of fluoridated toothpicks and dental flosses on enamel and dentine and on plaque composition in situ. Caries Res 2005;39:52-59.1559173510.1159%2F000081657 – reference: Sawyer KK, Donly KJ: Remineralization effects of a sodium fluoride bioerodible gel. Am J Dent 2004;17:245-248.15478484 – reference: Hugoson A, Koch G, Göthberg C, Nydell Helkimo A, Lundin S-Å, Norderyd O, Sjödin B, Sondell K: Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden during 30 years (1973-2003). II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings. Swed Dent J 2005;29:139-155.16463570 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1159%2F000016424 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1111%2Fj.1741-2358.1998.00051.x – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1111%2Fj.1600-0722.1996.tb00114.x – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1080%2F000163599429020 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1046%2Fj.0909-8836.1998.eos106105.x – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1159%2F000088191 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1159%2F000081657 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1080%2F00016350310005998 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1159%2F000049104
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SubjectTerms	administration & dosage Adult Analysis of Variance Cariostatic Agents Cariostatic Agents - administration & dosage Cariostatic Agents - pharmacokinetics Clinical Medicine Cross-Over Studies Dental Devices Dental Devices, Home Care Dental Enamel Dental Enamel - metabolism Dentistry Female Gels Home Care Humans Klinisk medicin Male Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap metabolism Middle Aged Mouthwashes Odontologi Odontology Original Paper pharmacokinetics Single-Blind Method Sodium Fluoride Sodium Fluoride - administration & dosage Sodium Fluoride - pharmacokinetics Toothbrushing Toothpaste Toothpastes
Title	Approximal Fluoride Concentration Using Different Fluoridated Products Alone or in Combination
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