Next-Generation Vaccine Platforms: Integrating Synthetic Biology, Nanotechnology, and Systems Immunology for Improved Immunogenicity

The emergence of complex and rapidly evolving pathogens necessitates innovative vaccine platforms that move beyond traditional methods. This review explores the transformative potential of next-generation vaccine technologies, focusing on the combined use of synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and sy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 6; p. 588
Main Authors: Eslami, Majid, Fadaee Dowlat, Bahram, Yaghmayee, Shayan, Habibian, Anoosha, Keshavarzi, Saeedeh, Oksenych, Valentyn, Naderian, Ramtin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.05.2025
MDPI
Subjects:
Adjuvants
Anthrax
Antigen presentation
Antigens
Bacteria
Biology
Cancer
Cancer immunotherapy
Cell culture
Cell-mediated immunity
Combined vaccines
Comparative analysis
Design
Drug dosages
Epstein-Barr virus
Genetic aspects
Health care
Hepatitis
Humoral immunity
Immune response
Immunogenicity
Immunology
Immunoprophylaxis
Immunotherapy
Infectious diseases
Influenza
Innovations
Lipids
mRNA
mRNA vaccines
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
next-generation platforms
Optimization
Pandemics
Pathogens
Peptides
Physiological aspects
Plasmids
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Rabies
Review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Streptococcus infections
Synthetic biology
Systems biology
Tropical diseases
vaccine
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Virulence
Virus-like particles
Viruses
Iran
virus-like particles
vaccine
next-generation platforms
immunoprophylaxis
immunogenicity
ISSN:2076-393X, 2076-393X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The emergence of complex and rapidly evolving pathogens necessitates innovative vaccine platforms that move beyond traditional methods. This review explores the transformative potential of next-generation vaccine technologies, focusing on the combined use of synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and systems immunology. Synthetic biology provides modular tools for designing antigenic components with improved immunogenicity, as seen in mRNA, DNA, and peptide-based platforms featuring codon optimization and self-amplifying constructs. At the same time, nanotechnology enables precise antigen delivery and controlled immune activation through engineered nanoparticles such as lipid-based carriers, virus-like particles, and polymeric systems to improve stability, targeting, and dose efficiency. Systems immunology aids these advancements by analyzing immune responses through multi-omics data and computational modeling, which assists in antigen selection, immune profiling, and adjuvant optimization. This approach enhances both humoral and cellular immunity, solving challenges like antigen presentation, response durability, and vaccine personalization. Case studies on SARS-CoV-2, Epstein–Barr virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis highlight the practical application of these platforms. Despite promising progress, challenges include scalability, safety evaluation, and ethical concerns with data-driven vaccine designs. Ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial to fully develop these technologies for strong, adaptable, globally accessible vaccines. This review emphasizes next-generation vaccines as foundational for future immunoprophylaxis, especially against emerging infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
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ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines13060588