More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

COVID-19 can involve persistence, sequelae, and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19. LitCOVID and Embase were searched to identify articles with ori...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 16144 - 12
Main Authors: Lopez-Leon, Sandra, Wegman-Ostrosky, Talia, Perelman, Carol, Sepulveda, Rosalinda, Rebolledo, Paulina A., Cuapio, Angelica, Villapol, Sonia
Format: Journal Article Publication
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 09.08.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
692/1807
692/617
692/700
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alopecia - complications
Alopecia - diagnosis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - complications
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis
Complications
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - virology
Dyspnea
Dyspnea - complications
Dyspnea - diagnosis
Fatigue - complications
Fatigue - diagnosis
Headache - complications
Headache - diagnosis
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Long COVID
Long-term effects
Meta-analysis
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Patients
Rehabilitation
Respiration
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Systematic review
Young Adult
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
Online Access:Get full text
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Description
Summary:COVID-19 can involve persistence, sequelae, and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19. LitCOVID and Embase were searched to identify articles with original data published before the 1st of January 2021, with a minimum of 100 patients. For effects reported in two or more studies, meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% CI. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A total of 18,251 publications were identified, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of 55 long-term effects was estimated, 21 meta-analyses were performed, and 47,910 patients were included (age 17–87 years). The included studies defined long-COVID as ranging from 14 to 110 days post-viral infection. It was estimated that 80% of the infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 developed one or more long-term symptoms. The five most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attention disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%). Multi-disciplinary teams are crucial to developing preventive measures, rehabilitation techniques, and clinical management strategies with whole-patient perspectives designed to address long COVID-19 care.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8