A Framework for Intelligence and Cortical Function Based on Grid Cells in the Neocortex

How the neocortex works is a mystery. In this paper we propose a novel framework for understanding its function. Grid cells are neurons in the entorhinal cortex that represent the location of an animal in its environment. Recent evidence suggests that grid cell-like neurons may also be present in th...

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Vydáno v:	Frontiers in neural circuits Ročník 12; s. 121
Hlavní autoři:	Hawkins, Jeff, Lewis, Marcus, Klukas, Mirko, Purdy, Scott, Ahmad, Subutai
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 11.01.2019 Frontiers Media S.A
Témata:	Animal cognition Animals Cognitive ability Cortex (entorhinal) Cortex (somatosensory) cortical column grid cell Grid Cells - physiology hierarchy Humans Intelligence Intelligence - physiology Models, Neurological neocortex Neocortex - physiology neocortical theory Neurons Neuroscience Neurosciences object recognition Recognition, Psychology - physiology Science Space Perception - physiology Visual cortex cortical column object recognition neocortical theory neocortex hierarchy grid cell
ISSN:	1662-5110, 1662-5110
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Shrnutí:	How the neocortex works is a mystery. In this paper we propose a novel framework for understanding its function. Grid cells are neurons in the entorhinal cortex that represent the location of an animal in its environment. Recent evidence suggests that grid cell-like neurons may also be present in the neocortex. We propose that grid cells exist throughout the neocortex, in every region and in every cortical column. They define a location-based framework for how the neocortex functions. Whereas grid cells in the entorhinal cortex represent the location of one thing, the body relative to its environment, we propose that cortical grid cells simultaneously represent the location of many things. Cortical columns in somatosensory cortex track the location of tactile features relative to the object being touched and cortical columns in visual cortex track the location of visual features relative to the object being viewed. We propose that mechanisms in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus that evolved for learning the structure of environments are now used by the neocortex to learn the structure of objects. Having a representation of location in each cortical column suggests mechanisms for how the neocortex represents object compositionality and object behaviors. It leads to the hypothesis that every part of the neocortex learns complete models of objects and that there are many models of each object distributed throughout the neocortex. The similarity of circuitry observed in all cortical regions is strong evidence that even high-level cognitive tasks are learned and represented in a location-based framework.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Edited by: Robert C. Froemke, New York University, United States Reviewed by: Michael E. Hasselmo, Boston University, United States; Srikanth Ramaswamy, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
ISSN:	1662-5110 1662-5110
DOI:	10.3389/fncir.2018.00121