Verification of Radiative Transfer Schemes for the EHT

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration has recently produced the first resolved images of the central supermassive black hole in the giant elliptical galaxy M87. Here we report on tests of the consistency and accuracy of the general relativistic radiative transfer codes used within the coll...

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Vydáno v:	The Astrophysical journal Ročník 897; číslo 2; s. 148 - 168
Hlavní autoři:	Gold, Roman, Broderick, Avery E., Fromm, Christian M., Pu, Hung-Yi, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Dexter, Jason, Mizuno, Yosuke, Ripperda, Bart, Akiyama, Kazunori, Alef, Walter, Azulay, Rebecca, Barrett, John, Bouman, Katherine L., Bremer, Michael, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Cui, Yuzhu, Deane, Roger, Desvignes, Gregory, Fish, Vincent L., Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Hecht, Michael H., Ho, Luis C., Honma, Mareki, Hughes, David H., Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Johnson, Michael D., Jung, Taehyun, Keating, Garrett K., Kim, Jae-Young, Koay, Jun Yi, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Lu, Ru-Sen, Marrone, Daniel P., Matthews, Lynn D., Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Moriyama, Kotaro, Müller, Cornelia, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Neri, Roberto, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan, Ruszczyk, Chet, Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Shen, Zhiqiang, Tiede, Paul, Tazaki, Fumie, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Thalia, Tsuda, Shuichiro, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, Bemmel, Ilse van, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wex, Norbert, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Young, Ken, Young, André, Zhao, Shan-Shan, Zhu, Ziyan
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.07.2020 IOP Publishing American Astronomical Society
Témata:	Absorptivity Astrophysics Black hole physics Cameras Codes Collaboration Computational fluid dynamics Computer simulation Elliptical galaxies Event horizon Event horizons Galaxies General relativity Geodesy High energy astrophysics Magnetohydrodynamic simulation Magnetohydrodynamics Mathematical models Parameter estimation Physics Radiative transfer Radio astronomy Relativistic disks Relativistic effects Relativity Supermassive black holes Verification Very long baseline interferometry Visibility
ISSN:	0004-637X, 1538-4357, 1538-4357
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Shrnutí:	The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration has recently produced the first resolved images of the central supermassive black hole in the giant elliptical galaxy M87. Here we report on tests of the consistency and accuracy of the general relativistic radiative transfer codes used within the collaboration to model M87* and Sgr A*. We compare and evaluate (1) deflection angles for equatorial null geodesics in a Kerr spacetime; (2) images calculated from a series of simple, parameterized matter distributions in the Kerr metric using simplified emissivities and absorptivities; (3) for a subset of codes, images calculated from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations using different realistic synchrotron emissivities and absorptivities; (4) observables for the 2017 configuration of EHT, including visibility amplitudes and closure phases. The error in total flux is of order 1% when the codes are run with production numerical parameters. The dominant source of discrepancies for small camera distances is the location and detailed setup of the software "camera" that each code uses to produce synthetic images. We find that when numerical parameters are suitably chosen and the camera is sufficiently far away the images converge and that for given transfer coefficients, numerical uncertainties are unlikely to limit parameter estimation for the current generation of EHT observations. The purpose of this paper is to describe a verification and comparison of EHT radiative transfer codes. It is not to verify EHT models more generally.
Bibliografie:	AAS22382 High-Energy Phenomena and Fundamental Physics ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ISSN:	0004-637X 1538-4357 1538-4357
DOI:	10.3847/1538-4357/ab96c6