Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind the ACE2 for entering the host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track the...

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Published in:Frontiers in medicine Vol. 7; p. 594495
Main Authors: Salamanna, Francesca, Maglio, Melania, Landini, Maria Paola, Fini, Milena
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 03.12.2020
Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects:
ACE2
ACE2 receptor
Blood pressure
body localization
Cardiovascular disease
COVID-19
Diabetes
Disease transmission
Enzymes
Hypertension
Hypotheses
Inflammation
Localization
Lungs
Medicine
Mortality
Physiology
Pneumonia
Proteases
Proteins
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Viral infections
Womens health
X chromosomes
COVID-19
ACE2
ACE2 receptor
SARS-CoV-2
body localization
ISSN:2296-858X, 2296-858X
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Abstract The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind the ACE2 for entering the host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track the potential target organ of this infection and to outline disease progression and clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped the physiological body distribution, expression, and activities of ACE2 and discussed its potential correlations and mutal interactions with the disparate symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 patients at the level of different organs. We highlighted that despite during SARS-CoV-2 infection ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading to severe pathological manifestations, and subsequent multiple organ failures, the exact mechanism and the potential interactions through which ACE2 acts in these organs is still heavily debated. Further scientific efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed to consider specific patient differences in the mutual interactions ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term health effects associated with COVID-19 are currently mandatory.
AbstractList The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind the ACE2 for entering the host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track the potential target organ of this infection and to outline disease progression and clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped the physiological body distribution, expression, and activities of ACE2 and discussed its potential correlations and mutal interactions with the disparate symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 patients at the level of different organs. We highlighted that despite during SARS-CoV-2 infection ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading to severe pathological manifestations, and subsequent multiple organ failures, the exact mechanism and the potential interactions through which ACE2 acts in these organs is still heavily debated. Further scientific efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed to consider specific patient differences in the mutual interactions ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term health effects associated with COVID-19 are currently mandatory.
The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind the ACE2 for entering the host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track the potential target organ of this infection and to outline disease progression and clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped the physiological body distribution, expression, and activities of ACE2 and discussed its potential correlations and mutal interactions with the disparate symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 patients at the level of different organs. We highlighted that despite during SARS-CoV-2 infection ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading to severe pathological manifestations, and subsequent multiple organ failures, the exact mechanism and the potential interactions through which ACE2 acts in these organs is still heavily debated. Further scientific efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed to consider specific patient differences in the mutual interactions ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term health effects associated with COVID-19 are currently mandatory.The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind the ACE2 for entering the host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track the potential target organ of this infection and to outline disease progression and clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped the physiological body distribution, expression, and activities of ACE2 and discussed its potential correlations and mutal interactions with the disparate symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 patients at the level of different organs. We highlighted that despite during SARS-CoV-2 infection ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading to severe pathological manifestations, and subsequent multiple organ failures, the exact mechanism and the potential interactions through which ACE2 acts in these organs is still heavily debated. Further scientific efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed to consider specific patient differences in the mutual interactions ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term health effects associated with COVID-19 are currently mandatory.
Author Fini, Milena
Landini, Maria Paola
Salamanna, Francesca
Maglio, Melania
AuthorAffiliation 2 Scientific Direction, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
1 Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Scientific Direction, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
– name: 1 Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Francesca
  surname: Salamanna
  fullname: Salamanna, Francesca
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Melania
  surname: Maglio
  fullname: Maglio, Melania
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Maria Paola
  surname: Landini
  fullname: Landini, Maria Paola
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Milena
  surname: Fini
  fullname: Fini, Milena
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33344479$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords COVID-19
ACE2
ACE2 receptor
SARS-CoV-2
body localization
Language English
License Copyright © 2020 Salamanna, Maglio, Landini and Fini.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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Reviewed by: Bruce David Uhal, Michigan State University, United States; Sarah Jane Delforce, The University of Newcastle, Australia
This article was submitted to Infectious Diseases - Surveillance, Prevention and Treatment, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine
Edited by: Constantinos Tsioutis, European University Cyprus, Cyprus
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Snippet The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific...
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SubjectTerms ACE2
ACE2 receptor
Blood pressure
body localization
Cardiovascular disease
COVID-19
Diabetes
Disease transmission
Enzymes
Hypertension
Hypotheses
Inflammation
Localization
Lungs
Medicine
Mortality
Physiology
Pneumonia
Proteases
Proteins
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Viral infections
Womens health
X chromosomes
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Title Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2
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