Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and the other causal pathogenetic factors. Different...

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Vydáno v:Frontiers in medicine Ročník 8; s. 595371
Hlavní autoři: Delli Bovi, Anna Pia, Marciano, Francesca, Mandato, Claudia, Siano, Maria Anna, Savoia, Marcella, Vajro, Pietro
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland Frontiers Media SA 26.02.2021
Frontiers Media S.A
Témata:
Antioxidants
Bisphenol A
Body fat
Bone marrow
Carbohydrates
Cytokines
Epigenetics
Fatty liver
gut microbiota
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Kinases
Lipids
Lipoproteins
Liver diseases
Medicine
Metabolic syndrome
MicroRNAs
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
obesity
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Oxidative stress
Permeability
Phosphorylation
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
metabolic syndrome
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
antioxidants
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
gut microbiota
obesity
oxidative stress
ISSN:2296-858X, 2296-858X
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Shrnutí:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and the other causal pathogenetic factors. Different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators contribute to NAFLD inflammatory and fibrotic progression, which is quite strictly linked to the lipotoxic liver injury from fatty acids and/or a wide variety of their biologically active metabolites in the context of either a two-hit or a (more recent) multiple parallel hits theory. An antioxidant defense system is usually able to protect hepatic cells from damaging effects caused by ROS, including those produced into the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., by-products generated by usual cellular metabolic processes, normal or dysbiotic microbiota, and/or diet through an enhanced gut–liver axis. Oxidative stress originating from the imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant defenses is under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. Healthy diet and physical activity have been shown to be effective on NAFLD also with antioxidant mechanisms, but compliance to these lifestyles is very low. Among several considered antioxidants, vitamin E has been particularly studied; however, data are still contradictory. Some studies with natural polyphenols proposed for NAFLD prevention and treatment are encouraging. Probiotics, prebiotics, diet, or fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors will likely assist in further selecting the treatment that could work best for a specific patient.
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Reviewed by: Marcelo Roma, CONICET Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Argentina; Ana J. Fernández-Alvarez, IIBBA-CONICET Leloir Institute Foundation, Argentina
This article was submitted to Gastroenterology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Present address: Anna Pia Delli Bovi, Residency Program in Pediatrics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Edited by: Daniel E. Francés, CONICET Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE), Argentina
ISSN:2296-858X
2296-858X
DOI:10.3389/fmed.2021.595371