Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders

The emerging links between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS) are regarded as a paradigm shift in neuroscience with possible implications for not only understanding the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders, but also their treatment. Thus the gut microbiome and...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Ročník 9; s. 392
Hlavní autori: Kelly, John R., Kennedy, Paul J., Cryan, John F., Dinan, Timothy G., Clarke, Gerard, Hyland, Niall P.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 14.10.2015
Frontiers Media S.A
Predmet:
Central nervous system
Depression
Digestive system
E coli
Gastrointestinal tract
Gut Microbiota
Gut–brain axis
Influence
intestinal barrier
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Irritable bowel syndrome
Mental disorders
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Nervous system
Neuroscience
Permeability
Probiotics
Proteins
psychobiotics
Signal transduction
University colleges
Ireland
psychobiotics
depression
intestinal barrier
gut microbiota
gut-brain axis
probiotics
ISSN:1662-5102, 1662-5102
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Popis
Shrnutí:The emerging links between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS) are regarded as a paradigm shift in neuroscience with possible implications for not only understanding the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders, but also their treatment. Thus the gut microbiome and its influence on host barrier function is positioned to be a critical node within the brain-gut axis. Mounting preclinical evidence broadly suggests that the gut microbiota can modulate brain development, function and behavior by immune, endocrine and neural pathways of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Detailed mechanistic insights explaining these specific interactions are currently underdeveloped. However, the concept that a "leaky gut" may facilitate communication between the microbiota and these key signaling pathways has gained traction. Deficits in intestinal permeability may underpin the chronic low-grade inflammation observed in disorders such as depression and the gut microbiome plays a critical role in regulating intestinal permeability. In this review we will discuss the possible role played by the gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal barrier function and the CNS consequences when it becomes disrupted. We will draw on both clinical and preclinical evidence to support this concept as well as the key features of the gut microbiota which are necessary for normal intestinal barrier function.
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Reviewed by: Guillermo Tellez, University of Arkansas, USA; Wallace MacNaughton, University of Calgary, Canada
Edited by: Brian David Gulbransen, Michigan State University, USA
ISSN:1662-5102
1662-5102
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2015.00392