Chemokines and chemokine receptors during COVID-19 infection

[Display omitted] Chemokines are crucial inflammatory mediators needed during an immune response to clear pathogens. However, their excessive release is the main cause of hyperinflammation. In the recent COVID-19 outbreak, chemokines may be the direct cause of acute respiratory disease syndrome, a m...

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Published in:	Computational and structural biotechnology journal Vol. 19; pp. 976 - 988
Main Authors:	Khalil, Bariaa A., Elemam, Noha Mousaad, Maghazachi, Azzam A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2021 Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology Elsevier
Subjects:	ARDS biotechnology Chemokine Receptors Chemokines COVID-19 COVID-19 infection death immune response Immunity immunopathology pathogenesis respiratory tract diseases Review SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 therapeutics CRS GAGs SARS-CoV MERS-CoV HRSV AP-1 Immunity IFN COVID-19 NF-κB PRR SARS-CoV-2 DCs TLR ARDS NK cells BALF IMM AECs IP-10 PBMCs ECM NETs CAP HIV RSV IRF TRIF Chemokine Receptors Chemokines IRF, interferon regulatory factor DCs, dendritic cells ECM, extracellular matrix IP-10, IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps BALF, bronchial alveolar lavage fluid SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus HRSV, human respiratory syncytial virus CRS, cytokine releasing syndrome IMM, inflammatory monocytes and macrophages PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells PRR, pattern recognition receptors NF-κB, Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells IFN, interferon HIV, human immunodeficiency virus ARDS, acute respiratory disease syndrome AECs, airway epithelial cells RSV, rous sarcoma virus MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus AP-1, Activator Protein 1 TLR, toll like receptor TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β GAGs, glycosaminoglycans CAP, community acquired pneumonia NK cells, natural killer cells
ISSN:	2001-0370, 2001-0370
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	[Display omitted] Chemokines are crucial inflammatory mediators needed during an immune response to clear pathogens. However, their excessive release is the main cause of hyperinflammation. In the recent COVID-19 outbreak, chemokines may be the direct cause of acute respiratory disease syndrome, a major complication leading to death in about 40% of severe cases. Several clinical investigations revealed that chemokines are directly involved in the different stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we review the role of chemokines and their receptors in COVID-19 pathogenesis to better understand the disease immunopathology which may aid in developing possible therapeutic targets for the infection.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	2001-0370 2001-0370
DOI:	10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.034