Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine

Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening,...

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Vydané v:	Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 12; číslo 7; s. 1001
Hlavní autori:	El Harane, Sanae, Zidi, Bochra, El Harane, Nadia, Krause, Karl-Heinz, Matthes, Thomas, Preynat-Seauve, Olivier
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Switzerland MDPI AG 24.03.2023 MDPI
Predmet:	3D cell culture Biopsy Bladder cancer Cancer Cancer cells Cancer therapies Cell adhesion Cell aggregation cell and gene therapy Cell culture Cell Culture Techniques - methods Colorectal cancer Cytokines Cytotoxicity Drug resistance Drug screening Drug testing Growth factors Humans immunotherapy Lung cancer Medical research Medicine, Experimental Neoplasms - pathology Neoplasms - therapy Organoids Pancreatic cancer Patients personalized medicine Precision Medicine Prostate cancer Radiation Review Spheroids Spheroids, Cellular Stem cells Therapeutic applications tissue engineering Tumor cells Switzerland 3D cell culture tissue engineering cell and gene therapy drug screening immunotherapy personalized medicine
ISSN:	2073-4409, 2073-4409
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air–liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Co-last authors. These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:	2073-4409 2073-4409
DOI:	10.3390/cells12071001