Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine

Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening,...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Jg. 12; H. 7; S. 1001
Hauptverfasser: El Harane, Sanae, Zidi, Bochra, El Harane, Nadia, Krause, Karl-Heinz, Matthes, Thomas, Preynat-Seauve, Olivier
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 24.03.2023
MDPI
Schlagworte:
3D cell culture
Biopsy
Bladder cancer
Cancer
Cancer cells
Cancer therapies
Cell adhesion
Cell aggregation
cell and gene therapy
Cell culture
Cell Culture Techniques - methods
Colorectal cancer
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Drug resistance
Drug screening
Drug testing
Growth factors
Humans
immunotherapy
Lung cancer
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Neoplasms - pathology
Neoplasms - therapy
Organoids
Pancreatic cancer
Patients
personalized medicine
Precision Medicine
Prostate cancer
Radiation
Review
Spheroids
Spheroids, Cellular
Stem cells
Therapeutic applications
tissue engineering
Tumor cells
Switzerland
3D cell culture
tissue engineering
cell and gene therapy
drug screening
immunotherapy
personalized medicine
ISSN:2073-4409, 2073-4409
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Zusammenfassung:Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air–liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
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Co-last authors.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells12071001