Epigenetic control of gene regulation during development and disease: A view from the retina

Complex biological processes, such as organogenesis and homeostasis, are stringently regulated by genetic programs that are fine-tuned by epigenetic factors to establish cell fates and/or to respond to the microenvironment. Gene regulatory networks that guide cell differentiation and function are mo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Progress in retinal and eye research Vol. 65; pp. 1 - 27
Main Authors: Corso-Díaz, Ximena, Jaeger, Catherine, Chaitankar, Vijender, Swaroop, Anand
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2018
Subjects:
Chromatin
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - physiology
Epigenesis, Genetic - physiology
Epigenomics
Gene Expression Regulation - physiology
Gene Regulatory Networks - physiology
Histone modification
Humans
Macular Degeneration - genetics
Neuronal differentiation
Next generation sequencing
Photoreceptor
Retina - embryology
Retina - physiology
Retina neurodegeneration
RNA - metabolism
Chromatin
Photoreceptor
Retina neurodegeneration
DNA methylation
Neuronal differentiation
Histone modification
Next generation sequencing
ISSN:1350-9462, 1873-1635, 1873-1635
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Complex biological processes, such as organogenesis and homeostasis, are stringently regulated by genetic programs that are fine-tuned by epigenetic factors to establish cell fates and/or to respond to the microenvironment. Gene regulatory networks that guide cell differentiation and function are modulated and stabilized by modifications to DNA, RNA and proteins. In this review, we focus on two key epigenetic changes – DNA methylation and histone modifications – and discuss their contribution to retinal development, aging and disease, especially in the context of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. We highlight less-studied roles of DNA methylation and provide the RNA expression profiles of epigenetic enzymes in human and mouse retina in comparison to other tissues. We also review computational tools and emergent technologies to profile, analyze and integrate epigenetic information. We suggest implementation of editing tools and single-cell technologies to trace and perturb the epigenome for delineating its role in transcriptional regulation. Finally, we present our thoughts on exciting avenues for exploring epigenome in retinal metabolism, disease modeling, and regeneration.
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ISSN:1350-9462
1873-1635
1873-1635
DOI:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.002