The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks

The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT; Frederick, 2005 ) is designed to measure the tendency to override a prepotent response alternative that is incorrect and to engage in further reflection that leads to the correct response. In this study, we showed that the CRT is a more potent predictor of perform...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Memory & cognition Vol. 39; no. 7; pp. 1275 - 1289
Main Authors: Toplak, Maggie E., West, Richard F., Stanovich, Keith E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer-Verlag 01.10.2011
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Adult
Behavioral Science and Psychology
Bias
Biological and medical sciences
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition. Intelligence
Cognitive ability
Cognitive bias
Cognitive functioning
Cognitive Psychology
Disposition
Executive function
Executive Function - physiology
Expected values
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Heuristic
Humans
Individual differences
Intelligence
Intelligence - physiology
Intelligence tests
Male
Neuropsychological Tests
Predictive Value of Tests
Psychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychometrics - instrumentation
Reasoning. Problem solving
Regression Analysis
Self report
Studies
Task performance
Theories
Thinking - physiology
Young Adult
Cognitive reflection test
Intelligence
Heuristics and biases
Thinking dispositions
Rational thinking
Human
Executive function
Rational irrational
Heuristics
Psychometrics
Cognition
Experimental study
Test validation
Syllogism
Reasoning
Working memory
Predictive factor
Performance
Cognitive bias
ISSN:0090-502X, 1532-5946, 1532-5946
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT; Frederick, 2005 ) is designed to measure the tendency to override a prepotent response alternative that is incorrect and to engage in further reflection that leads to the correct response. In this study, we showed that the CRT is a more potent predictor of performance on a wide sample of tasks from the heuristics-and-biases literature than measures of cognitive ability, thinking dispositions, and executive functioning. Although the CRT has a substantial correlation with cognitive ability, a series of regression analyses indicated that the CRT was a unique predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. It accounted for substantial additional variance after the other measures of individual differences had been statistically controlled. We conjecture that this is because neither intelligence tests nor measures of executive functioning assess the tendency toward miserly processing in the way that the CRT does. We argue that the CRT is a particularly potent measure of the tendency toward miserly processing because it is a performance measure rather than a self-report measure.
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ISSN:0090-502X
1532-5946
1532-5946
DOI:10.3758/s13421-011-0104-1