Level set methods for gradient-free optimization of metasurface arrays

Global optimization techniques are increasingly preferred over human-driven methods in the design of electromagnetic structures such as metasurfaces, and careful construction and parameterization of the physical structure is critical in ensuring computational efficiency and convergence of the optimi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 16674 - 13
Main Authors: Saad-Falcon, Alex, Howard, Christopher, Romberg, Justin, Allen, Kenneth
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 19.07.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
639/166/987
639/301/1005/1007
639/301/357/1015
Algorithms
Design
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Optimization techniques
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Global optimization techniques are increasingly preferred over human-driven methods in the design of electromagnetic structures such as metasurfaces, and careful construction and parameterization of the physical structure is critical in ensuring computational efficiency and convergence of the optimization algorithm to a globally optimal solution. While many design variables in physical systems take discrete values, optimization algorithms often benefit from a continuous design space. This work demonstrates the use of level set functions as a continuous basis for designing material distributions for metasurface arrays and introduces an improved parameterization which is termed the periodic level set function. We explore the use of alternate norms in the definition of the level set function and define a new pseudo-inverse technique for upsampling basis coefficients with these norms. The level set method is compared to the fragmented parameterization and shows improved electromagnetic responses for two dissimilar cost functions: a narrowband objective and a broadband objective. Finally, we manufacture an optimized level set metasurface and measure its scattering parameters to demonstrate real-world performance.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-67142-2