NSm is a critical determinant for bunyavirus transmission between vertebrate and mosquito hosts

Bunyavirales is a very large order including viruses infecting a variety of taxonomic groups such as arthropods, vertebrates, plants, and protozoa. Some bunyaviruses are transmitted between vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking arthropods and cause major diseases in humans and animals. It is not underst...

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Published in:Nature communications Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 1214 - 15
Main Authors: Terhzaz, Selim, Kerrigan, David, Almire, Floriane, Szemiel, Agnieszka M., Hughes, Joseph, Parvy, Jean-Philippe, Palmarini, Massimo, Kohl, Alain, Shi, Xiaohong, Pondeville, Emilie
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 31.01.2025
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
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Aedes - virology
Animals
Aquatic insects
Arthropoda
Arthropods
Blood
Bunyamwera virus - genetics
Bunyamwera virus - pathogenicity
Bunyamwera virus - physiology
Bunyaviridae Infections - transmission
Bunyaviridae Infections - virology
Cell Line
Determinants
Disease transmission
Egress
Female
Host plants
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Infections
Insects
Midgut
Mosquito Vectors - virology
Mosquitoes
multidisciplinary
Orthobunyavirus - genetics
Orthobunyavirus - physiology
Proteins
Protozoa
Salivary gland
Salivary glands
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
Vectors (Biology)
Vertebrates
Vertebrates - virology
Viral infections
Viral Nonstructural Proteins - genetics
Viral Nonstructural Proteins - metabolism
Virus Replication
Viruses
ISSN:2041-1723, 2041-1723
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Bunyavirales is a very large order including viruses infecting a variety of taxonomic groups such as arthropods, vertebrates, plants, and protozoa. Some bunyaviruses are transmitted between vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking arthropods and cause major diseases in humans and animals. It is not understood why only some bunyaviruses have evolved the capacity to be transmitted by arthropod vectors. Here we show that only vector-borne bunyaviruses express a non-structural protein, NSm, whose function has so far remained largely elusive. Using as experimental system Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and its invertebrate host, Aedes aegypti , we show that NSm is dispensable for viral replication in mosquito cells in vitro but is absolutely required for successful infection in the female mosquito following a blood meal. More specifically, NSm is required for cell-to-cell spread and egress from the mosquito midgut, a known barrier to viral infection. Notably, the requirement for NSm is specific to the midgut; bypassing this barrier by experimental intrathoracic infection of the mosquito eliminates the necessity of NSm for virus spread in other tissues, including the salivary glands. Overall, we unveiled a key evolutionary process that allows the transmission of vector-borne bunyaviruses between arthropod and vertebrate hosts. Bunyaviruses are a large group of viruses that infect a wide range of organisms, including insects, animals, plants, and single-celled organisms. Here, Terhzaz et al show that the non-structural protein NSm is required for cell-to-cell spread and egress in the mosquito midgut.
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ISSN:2041-1723
2041-1723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-54809-7