Wildland fire as an atmospheric source of viable microbial aerosols and biological ice nucleating particles

The environmental sources of microbial aerosols and processes by which they are emitted into the atmosphere are not well characterized. In this study we analyzed microbial cells and biological ice nucleating particles (INPs) in smoke emitted from eight prescribed wildland fires in North Florida. Whe...

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Vydáno v:The ISME Journal Ročník 15; číslo 2; s. 461 - 472
Hlavní autoři: Moore, Rachel A., Bomar, Chelsey, Kobziar, Leda N., Christner, Brent C.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.02.2021
Oxford University Press
Témata:
14/34
14/63
45/22
45/23
45/77
631/158/855
631/326/171/1281
704/158/2454
704/158/855
Aerosols
Air Pollutants
Air sampling
Atmosphere
Bacteria
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Combustion
Ecology
Endophytes
Evolutionary Biology
Fires
Florida
Ice - analysis
Life Sciences
Microbial Ecology
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Particulate matter
Shrubs
Smoke
Vegetation
Wildfires
Florida
ISSN:1751-7362, 1751-7370, 1751-7370
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Shrnutí:The environmental sources of microbial aerosols and processes by which they are emitted into the atmosphere are not well characterized. In this study we analyzed microbial cells and biological ice nucleating particles (INPs) in smoke emitted from eight prescribed wildland fires in North Florida. When compared to air sampled prior to ignition, samples of the air–smoke mixtures contained fivefold higher concentrations of microbial cells (6.7 ± 1.3 × 10 4  cells m −3 ) and biological INPs (2.4 ± 0.91 × 10 3  INPs m −3 active at temperatures ≥ −15 °C), and these data significantly positively correlated with PM 10 . Various bacteria could be cultured from the smoke samples, and the nearest neighbors of many of the isolates are plant epi- and endophytes, suggesting vegetation was a source. Controlled laboratory combustion experiments indicated that smoke emitted from dead vegetation contained significantly higher numbers of cells, INPs, and culturable bacteria relative to the green shrubs tested. Microbial viability of smoke aerosols based on formazan production and epifluorescent microscopy revealed no significant difference in the viable fraction (~80%) when compared to samples of ambient air. From these data, we estimate each fire aerosolized an average of 7 ± 4 × 10 9 cells and 2 ± 1 × 10 8 biological INPs per m 2 burned and conclude that emissions from wildland fire are sources of viable microbial aerosols to the atmosphere.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:1751-7362
1751-7370
1751-7370
DOI:10.1038/s41396-020-00788-8