Enhancing Tetrahydrocannabinol’s Therapeutic Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Roles of Cannabidiol and the Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Allosteric Modulator ZCZ011
Background/Objectives: Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments focus on symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Dysregulation of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, part of the endocannabinoid system, is linked to colitis. While tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) allev...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 18; no. 2; p. 148 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
01.02.2025
MDPI |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1424-8247, 1424-8247 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Background/Objectives: Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments focus on symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Dysregulation of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, part of the endocannabinoid system, is linked to colitis. While tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alleviates colitis via CB1 activation, its psychotropic effects limit clinical use. ZCZ011, a CB1R allosteric modulator, and cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, offer alternatives. This study investigated combining sub-therapeutic THC doses with ZCZ011 or CBD in a murine model of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Acute colitis was induced with 4% DSS for 7 days, followed by 3 days of water. Chronic colitis was modelled over 24 days with alternating DSS concentrations. The combination of 2.5 mg/kg THC with 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD was evaluated. Key markers were assessed to determine efficacy and safety, including disease activity index (DAI), inflammation, cytokine levels, GLP-1, and organ health. Results: DSS-induced colitis resulted in increased DAI scores, cytokines, organ inflammation and dysregulation of GLP-1 and ammonia. THC at 10 mg/kg significantly improved colitis markers but was ineffective at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg. ZCZ011 alone showed transient effects. However, combining 2.5 mg/kg THC with either 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD significantly alleviated colitis markers, restored colon integrity and reestablished GLP-1 homeostasis. This combination also maintained favourable haematological and biochemical profiles, including a notable reduction in colitis-induced elevated ammonia levels. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the synergistic potential of low-dose THC combined with CBD or ZCZ011 as a novel, effective and safer therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background/Objectives: Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments focus on symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Dysregulation of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, part of the endocannabinoid system, is linked to colitis. While tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alleviates colitis via CB1 activation, its psychotropic effects limit clinical use. ZCZ011, a CB1R allosteric modulator, and cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, offer alternatives. This study investigated combining sub-therapeutic THC doses with ZCZ011 or CBD in a murine model of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Acute colitis was induced with 4% DSS for 7 days, followed by 3 days of water. Chronic colitis was modelled over 24 days with alternating DSS concentrations. The combination of 2.5 mg/kg THC with 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD was evaluated. Key markers were assessed to determine efficacy and safety, including disease activity index (DAI), inflammation, cytokine levels, GLP-1, and organ health. Results: DSS-induced colitis resulted in increased DAI scores, cytokines, organ inflammation and dysregulation of GLP-1 and ammonia. THC at 10 mg/kg significantly improved colitis markers but was ineffective at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg. ZCZ011 alone showed transient effects. However, combining 2.5 mg/kg THC with either 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD significantly alleviated colitis markers, restored colon integrity and reestablished GLP-1 homeostasis. This combination also maintained favourable haematological and biochemical profiles, including a notable reduction in colitis-induced elevated ammonia levels. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the synergistic potential of low-dose THC combined with CBD or ZCZ011 as a novel, effective and safer therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis.Background/Objectives: Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments focus on symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Dysregulation of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, part of the endocannabinoid system, is linked to colitis. While tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alleviates colitis via CB1 activation, its psychotropic effects limit clinical use. ZCZ011, a CB1R allosteric modulator, and cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, offer alternatives. This study investigated combining sub-therapeutic THC doses with ZCZ011 or CBD in a murine model of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Acute colitis was induced with 4% DSS for 7 days, followed by 3 days of water. Chronic colitis was modelled over 24 days with alternating DSS concentrations. The combination of 2.5 mg/kg THC with 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD was evaluated. Key markers were assessed to determine efficacy and safety, including disease activity index (DAI), inflammation, cytokine levels, GLP-1, and organ health. Results: DSS-induced colitis resulted in increased DAI scores, cytokines, organ inflammation and dysregulation of GLP-1 and ammonia. THC at 10 mg/kg significantly improved colitis markers but was ineffective at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg. ZCZ011 alone showed transient effects. However, combining 2.5 mg/kg THC with either 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD significantly alleviated colitis markers, restored colon integrity and reestablished GLP-1 homeostasis. This combination also maintained favourable haematological and biochemical profiles, including a notable reduction in colitis-induced elevated ammonia levels. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the synergistic potential of low-dose THC combined with CBD or ZCZ011 as a novel, effective and safer therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis. Background/Objectives: Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments focus on symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Dysregulation of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, part of the endocannabinoid system, is linked to colitis. While tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alleviates colitis via CB1 activation, its psychotropic effects limit clinical use. ZCZ011, a CB1R allosteric modulator, and cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, offer alternatives. This study investigated combining sub-therapeutic THC doses with ZCZ011 or CBD in a murine model of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: Acute colitis was induced with 4% DSS for 7 days, followed by 3 days of water. Chronic colitis was modelled over 24 days with alternating DSS concentrations. The combination of 2.5 mg/kg THC with 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD was evaluated. Key markers were assessed to determine efficacy and safety, including disease activity index (DAI), inflammation, cytokine levels, GLP-1, and organ health. Results: DSS-induced colitis resulted in increased DAI scores, cytokines, organ inflammation and dysregulation of GLP-1 and ammonia. THC at 10 mg/kg significantly improved colitis markers but was ineffective at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg. ZCZ011 alone showed transient effects. However, combining 2.5 mg/kg THC with either 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD significantly alleviated colitis markers, restored colon integrity and reestablished GLP-1 homeostasis. This combination also maintained favourable haematological and biochemical profiles, including a notable reduction in colitis-induced elevated ammonia levels. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the synergistic potential of low-dose THC combined with CBD or ZCZ011 as a novel, effective and safer therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis. Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments focus on symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Dysregulation of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, part of the endocannabinoid system, is linked to colitis. While tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alleviates colitis via CB1 activation, its psychotropic effects limit clinical use. ZCZ011, a CB1R allosteric modulator, and cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, offer alternatives. This study investigated combining sub-therapeutic THC doses with ZCZ011 or CBD in a murine model of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Acute colitis was induced with 4% DSS for 7 days, followed by 3 days of water. Chronic colitis was modelled over 24 days with alternating DSS concentrations. The combination of 2.5 mg/kg THC with 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD was evaluated. Key markers were assessed to determine efficacy and safety, including disease activity index (DAI), inflammation, cytokine levels, GLP-1, and organ health. DSS-induced colitis resulted in increased DAI scores, cytokines, organ inflammation and dysregulation of GLP-1 and ammonia. THC at 10 mg/kg significantly improved colitis markers but was ineffective at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg. ZCZ011 alone showed transient effects. However, combining 2.5 mg/kg THC with either 20 mg/kg ZCZ011 or 10 mg/kg CBD significantly alleviated colitis markers, restored colon integrity and reestablished GLP-1 homeostasis. This combination also maintained favourable haematological and biochemical profiles, including a notable reduction in colitis-induced elevated ammonia levels. This study demonstrates the synergistic potential of low-dose THC combined with CBD or ZCZ011 as a novel, effective and safer therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Patil, Mohan Warne, Leon N Thapa, Dinesh Carlessi, Rodrigo Falasca, Marco |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia 4 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy 2 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia 1 Curtin Medical Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; mohan.patil@postgrad.curtin.edu.au (M.P.); leon.warne@anaesthesia.vet (L.N.W.); rodrigo.carlessi@curtin.edu.au (R.C.) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia – name: 3 Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia – name: 4 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy – name: 1 Curtin Medical Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; mohan.patil@postgrad.curtin.edu.au (M.P.); leon.warne@anaesthesia.vet (L.N.W.); rodrigo.carlessi@curtin.edu.au (R.C.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dinesh surname: Thapa fullname: Thapa, Dinesh – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohan surname: Patil fullname: Patil, Mohan – sequence: 3 givenname: Leon N orcidid: 0000-0002-6369-0219 surname: Warne fullname: Warne, Leon N – sequence: 4 givenname: Rodrigo orcidid: 0000-0003-0038-7391 surname: Carlessi fullname: Carlessi, Rodrigo – sequence: 5 givenname: Marco orcidid: 0000-0002-9801-7235 surname: Falasca fullname: Falasca, Marco |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40005963$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNptks1uEzEQx1eoiH7AhQdAlrggpBR77d31ckEhBKhUhFSVSy-W1x4nrhw72Lug3HgNXoHH4knwNg39UOWDrZn__Eb_8RwWez54KIrnBB9T2uI36yXhuMSE8UfFAWElm_CSNXu33vvFYUqXGFcNYeRJsc9wfrc1PSj-zP1SemX9Ap1DH-Vyo2NQ0nvZWR_c31-_EzpfQpRrGHqr0NwYq6TaIOvRiTdOrlayD3GD3oef4NAHm0AmeDvWoLPgIKFg0GzL0zY4JL1GfU7Odj2sRgSdgYJ15qCpcyH1EHOrL0EPboSji9kFJuRp8dhIl-DZ9X1UfPs4P599npx-_XQym55OVMVwP-lqakqmW6xaidsay6aqW6Yp72pVNpWGRnFW1qySuuaE1ZKYElrNOqVqbUxNj4qTLVcHeSnW0a5k3IggrbgKhLgQMuZZOBCY06ozqqWqaVhNOC-BKwWgqKIdNV1mvduy1kO3Aq3A5xm7O9C7GW-XYhF-CEJ4lX-OZMKra0IM3wdIvVjZpMA56SEMSVDSEMpLUo7Sl_ekl2GIPs_qSkVaWtPmRrWQ2YH1JuTGaoSKKS9bnifDR9bxA6p8NKysyvtnbI7fKXhx2-l_i7tVywK8FagYUopghLK97G0YjVsnCBbjNoubbc4lr--V7KgPiP8B4JD11Q |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms26167913 crossref_primary_10_3390_ph18040478 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu17050861 |
| Cites_doi | 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790803 10.1186/s12950-016-0129-0 10.1046/j.0022-3042.2001.00716.x 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.015 10.1089/can.2017.0041 10.3233/CH-151996 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00791.x 10.9734/jammr/2023/v35i245319 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.07.009 10.1007/s43440-021-00327-y 10.1177/0023677217742681 10.1155/2015/797862 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00032 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.030 10.18632/aging.204953 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0055 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00057 10.1007/s00210-019-01698-z 10.3390/cells11071187 10.1089/can.2016.0001 10.3390/ijms22179139 10.1038/npp.2015.148 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy185 10.1038/nrd1495 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707486 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.021 10.3390/ijms24032513 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106025 10.3389/fendo.2021.694284 10.3389/fphar.2021.651415 10.1007/s00213-020-05712-8 10.1124/pr.54.2.161 10.3390/cells13232013 10.3390/nu10050564 10.3390/biomedicines9040383 10.2174/1574884711666160418105339 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322129 10.1177/20420188231222367 10.3390/molecules28073271 10.1038/s41467-024-47897-y 10.3390/biomedicines10102439 10.1152/ajpendo.00080.2017 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.07.031 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20161 10.3748/wjg.14.4280 10.1038/nmeth.1455 10.3390/molecules25020417 10.3389/fendo.2019.00703 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.018 10.1002/med.21418 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.009 10.3390/antiox12020485 10.3390/ijms241914677 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.042 10.1111/bph.12545 10.1300/J251v09n01_08 10.1074/jbc.M115.655662 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104915 10.1080/17474124.2024.2409300 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-331914 10.4314/tjpr.v20i7.21 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148209 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.028 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001225 10.1054/plef.2001.0341 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101361 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2025 by the authors. 2025 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG – notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2025 by the authors. 2025 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7XB 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO GNUQQ GUQSH M2O MBDVC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/ph18020148 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Student Research Library Prep Research Library Research Library (Corporate) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Publicly Available Content Database Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database PubMed CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology |
| EISSN | 1424-8247 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_0835bfc93c77461882e8cceec3c3b3fb PMC11858241 A829864581 40005963 10_3390_ph18020148 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Australia |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Australia |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Little Green Pharma grantid: Little Green Pharma – fundername: LITTLE GREEN PHARMA LTD. |
| GroupedDBID | --- 2WC 53G 5VS 8G5 AADQD AAFWJ AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACIHN ACUHS ADBBV AEAQA AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BPHCQ CCPQU CITATION DIK DWQXO EBD ESX GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GUQSH GX1 HH5 HYE IAO IHR ITC KQ8 M2O M48 MK0 MODMG M~E OK1 P2P PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC RPM TUS 3V. NPM 7XB 8FK MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 PUEGO 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-b63f24d90c9a0960a75694d38b6c275de7c842645ad68146a1f2e9d4bcc6dff63 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 4 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001429726500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1424-8247 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 03 12:44:23 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:05:32 EST 2025 Fri Sep 05 09:35:28 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 12:16:29 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 11 10:51:39 EST 2025 Tue Nov 04 18:15:02 EST 2025 Sat Mar 01 01:25:38 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:14:49 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:17:24 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Keywords | CB1R allosteric modulator ZCZ011 glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) ammonia cannabidiol (CBD) DSS-induced ulcerative colitis inflammatory bowel disease tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) |
| Language | English |
| License | Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c540t-b63f24d90c9a0960a75694d38b6c275de7c842645ad68146a1f2e9d4bcc6dff63 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9801-7235 0000-0002-6369-0219 0000-0003-0038-7391 0000-0002-5430-825X 0000-0001-6803-9858 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3171193637?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PMID | 40005963 |
| PQID | 3171193637 |
| PQPubID | 2032350 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_0835bfc93c77461882e8cceec3c3b3fb pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11858241 proquest_miscellaneous_3171382121 proquest_journals_3171193637 gale_infotracmisc_A829864581 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A829864581 pubmed_primary_40005963 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_ph18020148 crossref_primary_10_3390_ph18020148 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-02-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-02-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2025 text: 2025-02-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Switzerland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Switzerland – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Pharmaceuticals (Basel) |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG MDPI |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG – name: MDPI |
| References | Marsicano (ref_67) 2002; 80 Zatorski (ref_47) 2019; 392 Langford (ref_70) 2010; 7 ref_57 ref_10 ref_54 Lee (ref_28) 2016; 2016 ref_19 ref_18 Baillie (ref_20) 2015; 40 Fan (ref_62) 2022; 20 Toguri (ref_39) 2014; 171 Zatorski (ref_50) 2021; 73 Wong (ref_46) 2024; 36 Toguri (ref_40) 2015; 61 (ref_53) 2022; 58 ref_25 ref_69 ref_68 ref_23 ref_66 Greuter (ref_60) 2021; 70 Howlett (ref_13) 2004; 47 Dawidowicz (ref_65) 2021; 152 Hunt (ref_15) 1980; 215 Marzo (ref_11) 2004; 3 Wright (ref_7) 2008; 153 Nguyen (ref_22) 2017; 37 Duan (ref_56) 2015; 2015 Kim (ref_37) 2012; 60 Roblin (ref_30) 2024; 18 (ref_1) 2013; 6 Hoffmann (ref_26) 2018; 52 Thapa (ref_36) 2018; 3 Wang (ref_29) 2023; 15 Pertwee (ref_8) 2002; 66 ref_33 Mukhopadhyay (ref_61) 2011; 50 Camilleri (ref_35) 2023; 21 Alhouayek (ref_3) 2012; 18 Gonzalez (ref_16) 2005; 81 Selinger (ref_31) 2024; 11 Tam (ref_64) 2016; 27 Jamontt (ref_14) 2010; 160 Rogler (ref_58) 2021; 161 Anand (ref_59) 2024; 14 Britch (ref_24) 2021; 238 Chen (ref_55) 2024; 15 Compton (ref_17) 1990; 9 Krohn (ref_34) 2016; 13 Cheng (ref_51) 2015; 290 DiPatrizio (ref_6) 2016; 1 Lian (ref_32) 2022; 175 ref_45 ref_44 ref_43 ref_42 Khurana (ref_21) 2017; 124 Cuddihey (ref_9) 2022; 14 Ambrose (ref_4) 2018; 13 ref_2 Adolph (ref_41) 2024; 73 Chia (ref_52) 2017; 313 Howlett (ref_12) 2002; 54 ref_49 (ref_38) 2008; 14 ref_48 Fernandes (ref_63) 2023; 35 Kaur (ref_5) 2016; 11 Alharbi (ref_27) 2024; 15 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref_10 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790803 – volume: 13 start-page: 21 year: 2016 ident: ref_34 article-title: Abnormal Cannabidiol Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice, Promotes Wound Healing and Inhibits Neutrophil Recruitment publication-title: J. Inflamm. doi: 10.1186/s12950-016-0129-0 – volume: 80 start-page: 448 year: 2002 ident: ref_67 article-title: Neuroprotective Properties of Cannabinoids against Oxidative Stress: Role of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 publication-title: J. Neurochem. doi: 10.1046/j.0022-3042.2001.00716.x – volume: 14 start-page: 947 year: 2022 ident: ref_9 article-title: Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Intestinal Homeostasis publication-title: Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.015 – volume: 215 start-page: 35 year: 1980 ident: ref_15 article-title: Tolerance and Disposition of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Man publication-title: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. – volume: 3 start-page: 11 year: 2018 ident: ref_36 article-title: The Cannabinoids Delta(8)THC, CBD, and HU-308 Act via Distinct Receptors to Reduce Corneal Pain and Inflammation publication-title: Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. doi: 10.1089/can.2017.0041 – volume: 61 start-page: 237 year: 2015 ident: ref_40 article-title: Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Activation Reduces Leukocyte Adhesion and Improves Capillary Perfusion in the Iridial Microvasculature during Systemic Inflammation publication-title: Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. doi: 10.3233/CH-151996 – volume: 160 start-page: 712 year: 2010 ident: ref_14 article-title: The Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Alone and in Combination on Damage, Inflammation and in Vitro Motility Disturbances in Rat Colitis: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol in Rat Colitis publication-title: Br. J. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00791.x – volume: 35 start-page: 14 year: 2023 ident: ref_63 article-title: Exploring the Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Chronic Kidney Disease: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions publication-title: JAMMR doi: 10.9734/jammr/2023/v35i245319 – volume: 18 start-page: 615 year: 2012 ident: ref_3 article-title: The Endocannabinoid System in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Opportunity publication-title: Trends Mol. Med. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.07.009 – volume: 73 start-page: 1670 year: 2021 ident: ref_50 article-title: Colonic Inflammation Induces Changes in Glucose Levels through Modulation of Incretin System publication-title: Pharmacol. Rep. doi: 10.1007/s43440-021-00327-y – volume: 52 start-page: 240 year: 2018 ident: ref_26 article-title: A Refined and Translationally Relevant Model of Chronic DSS Colitis in BALB/c Mice publication-title: Lab Anim. doi: 10.1177/0023677217742681 – volume: 2015 start-page: 797862 year: 2015 ident: ref_56 article-title: Elevated Blood Ammonia Level Is a Potential Biological Risk Factor of Behavioral Disorders in Prisoners publication-title: Behav. Neurol. doi: 10.1155/2015/797862 – ident: ref_69 doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00032 – volume: 47 start-page: 345 year: 2004 ident: ref_13 article-title: Cannabinoid Physiology and Pharmacology: 30 Years of Progress publication-title: Neuropharmacology doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.030 – volume: 15 start-page: 8044 year: 2023 ident: ref_29 article-title: The Alleviating Effect and Mechanism of GLP-1 on Ulcerative Colitis publication-title: Aging doi: 10.18632/aging.204953 – volume: 27 start-page: 267 year: 2016 ident: ref_64 article-title: The Emerging Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Kidney Diseases publication-title: J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0055 – volume: 60 start-page: 3678 year: 2012 ident: ref_37 article-title: Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-Induced Model of IBD publication-title: JoVE – ident: ref_54 doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00057 – volume: 2016 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: ref_28 article-title: Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control publication-title: Mediat. Inflamm. – volume: 392 start-page: 1321 year: 2019 ident: ref_47 article-title: Role of Glucagon-like Peptides in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives publication-title: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol. doi: 10.1007/s00210-019-01698-z – ident: ref_45 doi: 10.3390/cells11071187 – volume: 1 start-page: 67 year: 2016 ident: ref_6 article-title: Endocannabinoids in the Gut publication-title: Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. doi: 10.1089/can.2016.0001 – ident: ref_42 doi: 10.3390/ijms22179139 – volume: 40 start-page: 2948 year: 2015 ident: ref_20 article-title: A Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor-Positive Allosteric Modulator Reduces Neuropathic Pain in the Mouse with No Psychoactive Effects publication-title: Neuropsychopharmacol. Off. Publ. Am. Coll. Neuropsychopharmacol. doi: 10.1038/npp.2015.148 – volume: 13 start-page: 525 year: 2018 ident: ref_4 article-title: Cannabis, Cannabinoids and the Endocannabinoid System—Is There Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Bowel Disease? publication-title: J. Crohn’s Colitis doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy185 – volume: 3 start-page: 771 year: 2004 ident: ref_11 article-title: The Endocannabinoid System and Its Therapeutic Exploitation publication-title: Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. doi: 10.1038/nrd1495 – volume: 153 start-page: 263 year: 2008 ident: ref_7 article-title: Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Regulatory System in States of Inflammation publication-title: Br. J. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707486 – volume: 50 start-page: 1368 year: 2011 ident: ref_61 article-title: Cannabidiol Protects against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Attenuating Inflammatory Signaling and Response, Oxidative/Nitrative Stress, and Cell Death publication-title: Free Radic. Biol. Med. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.021 – ident: ref_68 doi: 10.3390/ijms24032513 – volume: 175 start-page: 106025 year: 2022 ident: ref_32 article-title: Modulatory Role of the Endocannabinoidome in the Pathophysiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract publication-title: Pharmacol. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106025 – ident: ref_48 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.694284 – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651415 – volume: 238 start-page: 9 year: 2021 ident: ref_24 article-title: Cannabidiol: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Targets publication-title: Psychopharmacology doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05712-8 – volume: 54 start-page: 161 year: 2002 ident: ref_12 article-title: International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors publication-title: Pharmacol. Rev. doi: 10.1124/pr.54.2.161 – ident: ref_23 doi: 10.3390/cells13232013 – ident: ref_57 doi: 10.3390/nu10050564 – ident: ref_49 doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9040383 – volume: 11 start-page: 110 year: 2016 ident: ref_5 article-title: Endocannabinoid System: A Multi-Facet Therapeutic Target publication-title: Curr. Clin. Pharmacol. doi: 10.2174/1574884711666160418105339 – volume: 70 start-page: 796 year: 2021 ident: ref_60 article-title: Emerging Treatment Options for Extraintestinal Manifestations in IBD publication-title: Gut doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322129 – volume: 15 start-page: 20420188231222367 year: 2024 ident: ref_27 article-title: Anti-Inflammatory Role of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Its Clinical Implications publication-title: Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. doi: 10.1177/20420188231222367 – ident: ref_25 doi: 10.3390/molecules28073271 – volume: 15 start-page: 3796 year: 2024 ident: ref_55 article-title: Metabolic Phenotyping Reveals an Emerging Role of Ammonia Abnormality in Alzheimer’s Disease publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47897-y – ident: ref_33 doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102439 – volume: 313 start-page: E359 year: 2017 ident: ref_52 article-title: Incretin Secretion in Humans Is under the Influence of Cannabinoid Receptors publication-title: Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00080.2017 – volume: 21 start-page: 3217 year: 2023 ident: ref_35 article-title: Cannabinoids and the Gastrointestinal Tract publication-title: Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.07.031 – volume: 58 start-page: e20161 year: 2022 ident: ref_53 article-title: Cannabis and Cannabinoids as an Alternative Remedy in Metabolic Syndrome publication-title: Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. doi: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20161 – volume: 6 start-page: 33 year: 2013 ident: ref_1 article-title: Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Expanding Global Health Problem publication-title: Clin. Med. Insights Gastroenterol. – volume: 14 start-page: 4280 year: 2008 ident: ref_38 article-title: Role of Cytokines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease publication-title: WJG doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.4280 – volume: 7 start-page: 447 year: 2010 ident: ref_70 article-title: Coding of Facial Expressions of Pain in the Laboratory Mouse publication-title: Nat. Methods doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1455 – ident: ref_19 doi: 10.3390/molecules25020417 – ident: ref_43 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00703 – volume: 124 start-page: 3 year: 2017 ident: ref_21 article-title: Modulation of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor by Allosteric Ligands: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Opportunities publication-title: Neuropharmacology doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.018 – volume: 37 start-page: 441 year: 2017 ident: ref_22 article-title: Allosteric Modulation: An Alternate Approach Targeting the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor publication-title: Med. Res. Rev. doi: 10.1002/med.21418 – volume: 36 start-page: 130 year: 2024 ident: ref_46 article-title: Central Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Activation Inhibits Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Induced Inflammation publication-title: Cell Metab. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.009 – ident: ref_66 doi: 10.3390/antiox12020485 – ident: ref_18 doi: 10.3390/ijms241914677 – volume: 161 start-page: 1118 year: 2021 ident: ref_58 article-title: Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Concepts, Treatment, and Implications for Disease Management publication-title: Gastroenterology doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.042 – volume: 171 start-page: 1448 year: 2014 ident: ref_39 article-title: Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabinoid CB(2) Receptor Activation in Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis publication-title: Br. J. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1111/bph.12545 – volume: 9 start-page: 129 year: 1990 ident: ref_17 article-title: Cannabis Dependence and Tolerance Production publication-title: Adv. Alcohol Subst. Abus. doi: 10.1300/J251v09n01_08 – volume: 290 start-page: 14302 year: 2015 ident: ref_51 article-title: Modulation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Potency by Endocannabinoid-like Lipids Represents a Novel Mode of Regulating GLP-1 Receptor Signaling publication-title: J. Biol. Chem. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.655662 – volume: 152 start-page: 104915 year: 2021 ident: ref_65 article-title: CBG, CBD, Δ9-THC, CBN, CBGA, CBDA and Δ9-THCA as Antioxidant Agents and Their Intervention Abilities in Antioxidant Action publication-title: Fitoterapia doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104915 – volume: 18 start-page: 575 year: 2024 ident: ref_30 article-title: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Recent Developments publication-title: Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2409300 – volume: 73 start-page: 1376 year: 2024 ident: ref_41 article-title: Heavy Arch: From Inflammatory Bowel Diseases to Metabolic Disorders publication-title: Gut doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-331914 – volume: 20 start-page: 1473 year: 2022 ident: ref_62 article-title: Protective Role of Cannabinoids against Diabetic Nephropathy Induced in Rats by Streptozotocin publication-title: Trop. J. Pharm. Res. doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v20i7.21 – ident: ref_44 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148209 – volume: 81 start-page: 300 year: 2005 ident: ref_16 article-title: Cannabinoid Tolerance and Dependence: A Review of Studies in Laboratory Animals publication-title: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.028 – volume: 11 start-page: e001225 year: 2024 ident: ref_31 article-title: Biological Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Cyclical Rather than Lifelong Treatment? publication-title: BMJ Open Gastroenterol. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001225 – volume: 66 start-page: 101 year: 2002 ident: ref_8 article-title: Cannabinoid Receptors and Their Ligands publication-title: Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids (PLEFA) doi: 10.1054/plef.2001.0341 – volume: 14 start-page: 101361 year: 2024 ident: ref_59 article-title: The Story of Ammonia in Liver Disease: An Unraveling Continuum publication-title: J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101361 |
| SSID | ssj0057141 |
| Score | 2.380326 |
| Snippet | Background/Objectives: Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments focus on symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for innovative approaches.... Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments focus on symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Dysregulation of the... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | 148 |
| SubjectTerms | Ammonia Cannabidiol cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) CB1R allosteric modulator Colon Diarrhea Drug therapy DSS-induced ulcerative colitis Homeostasis Inflammation Inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory bowel diseases Nervous system agents Pain Testing Tetrahydrocannabinol tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) THC ZCZ011 |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NjtMwELbQigMXxD-BBRmBFiFttcSOHYdbt3QFEqwqVKTVXiLHP9tKwam2XVBvvAavwGPxJMzE_YtA4sLVnozizGTmm8T-hpAXSntTVQbKEkjuvUwJ1aukz3qaOSZZBWa3LWX-h_z0VJ2dFaOdVl-4JyzSA8cHd4QQofKm4AaAikwBEDplILIbbnjFfYXRF1DPupiKMVjkaZZGMlIORf3RbIJEZ_jxrJN-Wpb-P2PxTjLqbpTcyTwnt8jNFWSk_Xirt8k1F-6Qg1HknF4e0vH2CNX8kB7Q0ZaNenmX_ByGCXJqhAs6dqB-srSQs3QIGmripv71_cd8VwMdIqcE6KXTQN8HDw7zpf0RT4-bb66mb-MPnTd4Df2EbFC08XQQ9dlpU1MdLAVUuR4LzdTSlAI8dTPQQ_t1jedKIPzSj43F5mEweD44hwhwj3w-GY4H73qrBg09A0BvAVblnmW2eG0KjaWQzoUsMstVJQ3LhXW5UYi4hLYSPzXq1DNX2KwyRlrvJb9P9kIT3ENCi6oQzMlUMo-UgEIzobTTghkvheYuIa_WdivNir0cm2jUJVQxaONya-OEPN_IziJnx1-ljtH8Gwnk2W4HwPvKlfeV__K-hLxE5ykxGsDtgHnioQZYFPJqlX3FkP9eqDQh-x1JeItNd3rtfuUqisxLwHYpAGzJ84Q820zjlbgzLrjmKspwBQAEVDyI3rpZUtbS70ieENXx486auzNhOmk5xqHuFArQ3aP_8ZQekxsM2ya3m933yd7i8so9IdfN18V0fvm0fXN_AxK7TUo priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Title | Enhancing Tetrahydrocannabinol’s Therapeutic Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Roles of Cannabidiol and the Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Allosteric Modulator ZCZ011 |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40005963 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3171193637 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3171382121 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11858241 https://doaj.org/article/0835bfc93c77461882e8cceec3c3b3fb |
| Volume | 18 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001429726500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8247 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0057141 issn: 1424-8247 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ISSN International Center) customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8247 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0057141 issn: 1424-8247 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20040101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8247 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0057141 issn: 1424-8247 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20040101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8247 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0057141 issn: 1424-8247 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20040101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Research Library (ProQuest) customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8247 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0057141 issn: 1424-8247 databaseCode: M2O dateStart: 20040101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NjtMwELbYLgcu_LMUlsoItAhpqyVO4jhcUFu6YiVaolWRyl4ix3a2lYJT2i6oN16DV-CxeBJmkvQnAnHhkoPtWLY8nvlmbH9DyHMhU5UkCtwSMO5tT_iinfDUa0tmGGcJLLsuKPPfB8OhGI_DqAq4LaprlWudWChqnSuMkZ-AnXMAbHA3eDP70sasUXi6WqXQ2CP7yFTmNch-tz-Mzte62A8czylJSV1w7k9mEyQ8wyBazQwVbP1_6uQdo1S_MLljgU5v_e_Yb5ObFfaknVJY7pBrxt4lR1FJXr06pqPtW6zFMT2i0ZbWenWP_OzbCZJz2Es6MjC-yUqD8ZPWSnCu8-zX9x-L3R5oH8kpoF86tfTMpiB5n4sTfdrNv5mMvi1Phl7jP_QcaaVontJe2Z-e5hmVVlOAp-sym081dSjgXDODfmgny_CBCuhxOsg1ZiGDwoveBaiS--TjaX_Ue9euMj20FSDGJYiHmzJPh69UKNGnkoHPQ0-7IuGKBb42gRII3XypOcYspZMyE2ovUYrrNOXuA9KwuTUPCQ2T0GeGO5ylyC3oS-YLaaTPVMp96Zomeble-FhVNOiYjSOLwR1CIYm3QtIkzzZtZyX5x19bdVF-Ni2QsLsoyOeXcbX_Y0S6SapCVwHe5g74NUYoACjKVW7ipkmTvEDpi1GtwHBgecrXETApJOiKO4Ihkb4vnCY5rLUEdaDq1WsZjCt1tIi3AtgkTzfV-CdesbMmvyrbuAKQDHRxUIr7ZkpewePD3SYRtY1Qm3O9xk4nBVk5OLC-AJj46N_jekxuMMysXNyHPySN5fzKPCHX1dfldDFvkb1gLFrV5m4VcRP4DtgHKIvOBtGn3603YEM |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3NbhMxELZKigQX_n8CBYyAIqRG7dq7jhcJobRN1ahJFKFUKr0sXtvbRArekLRUufEavAIHHoonYWY3m3QF4tYDV9s78s945huv_Q0hL6VKdBxrCEvAudd8GchaLBK_pphlgsWw7CajzG_Xu115dBT2VsjP4i0MXqssbGJmqE2q8Yx8E_ycB2BD8Pr78ZcaZo3Cv6tFCo1cLQ7s7BxCtum71i6s7yvG9pr9nf3aPKtATQM6OYWu8IT5JtzSoUL8ruqBCH3DZSw0qwfG1rVEmBAoI_B8THkJs6HxY62FSRLBQe4VsuqDsssKWe21Or2Phe0P6p7v5SSonIdbm-MBEqzhoV3J7WXZAf70ARecYPmC5gWPt3fzf5urW-TGHFvTRr4ZbpMV6-6Q9V5Ozj3boP3lW7PpBl2nvSVt9-wu-dF0AyQfcSe0b2E-BjMDzl05p-KhS0e_vn2fXpRAm0i-AXLp0NGWS2Bnfc5uLNDt9NyO6G7-5-stfkM_IG0WTRO6k8szw3RElTMU4HdR5tKhoR4FHG_HIIc2RiN8gAN-inZSg1nWoPB45xhM5T1yeCnzeJ9UXOrsQ0LDOAyYFZ5gCXInBgrUUFkVMJ2IQHFbJW8KRYv0nOYds42MIgj3UCmjpVJWyYtF23FObvLXVtuor4sWSEieFaSTk2hu3yJE8nGiQ64hnhAexG1WagBgmmse8ySukteo7RGaTegOLE_--gMGhQRkUUMyTBQQSK9K1kotwdzpcnWh89Hc3E6jpcJXyfNFNX6JVwidTc_yNlwCUgMRD_LttRiSn_EUCV4lsrTxSmMu17jhICNjhwA9kACDH_27X8_Itf1-px21W92Dx-Q6wyzS2d3_NVI5nZzZJ-Sq_no6nE6ezk0KJZ8ue2f-BtBMuMo |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFLbGQIgX7pfCACNgCGnVFjtxHCSEtrUV1caoUJGmvQTHl7VSccq6MfWNv8Ff4Cfwc_glnJM07SIQb3vg1XaOfDlX5_g7hDyTyuks0xCWgHFvhjKSzUy4sKmYZYJlcOymgMzfjff25P5-0lsiP6u3MJhWWenEQlGbXOMd-TrYuQCcDcHjdTdLi-i1Om_GX5pYQQr_tFblNEoW2bHTUwjfJq-7LTjr54x12v3tt81ZhYGmBk_lGKbFHQtNsqEThb68iiORhIbLTGgWR8bGWqLLECkj8K5MBY7ZxISZ1sI4JzjQvUAuxiEYZUwbZO8rKxDFQRiUcKicJxvr4wFCreH1Xc0AFnUC_rQGZ8xhPVXzjO3rXPufd-06uTrzuOlmKSI3yJL1N8lqr4Tsnq7R_uIF2mSNrtLeAsx7eov8aPsBQpL4Q9q3sDeDqQGTr7xX2dDno1_fvk_OUqBthOQAunToadc7kLfPRR4D3cpP7Yi2yv9hr_Ab-gHBtGju6HZJzwzzEVXeUHDKqzafDw0NKHj3dgx06OZohM9ywHrRd7nB2mvQeLB9AAr0Nvl4Lvt4hyz73Nt7hCZZEjErAsEcIipGikVSWRUx7USkuG2QlxXTpXoG_o41SEYpBIHIoOmCQRvk6XzsuIQ8-euoLeTd-QiEKS8a8qPDdKb1UvTvM6cTriHKEAFEc1ZqcMs01zzjLmuQF8j5KSpTmA4cT_kmBBaFsGTppmRYPiCSQYOs1EaCEtT17or_05kSnqQL5m-QJ_Nu_BITC73NT8oxXIL_BiTulqI2X1JYoBcJ3iCyJoS1Ndd7_HBQQLRD2B5JcI7v_3tej8llEMd0t7u384BcYVhaungQsEKWj49O7ENySX89Hk6OHhW6hZJP5y2WvwH_RcAE |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Enhancing+Tetrahydrocannabinol%E2%80%99s+Therapeutic+Efficacy+in+Inflammatory+Bowel+Disease%3A+The+Roles+of+Cannabidiol+and+the+Cannabinoid+1+Receptor+Allosteric+Modulator+ZCZ011&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceuticals+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Thapa%2C+Dinesh&rft.au=Patil%2C+Mohan&rft.au=Warne%2C+Leon+N&rft.au=Carlessi%2C+Rodrigo&rft.date=2025-02-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1424-8247&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fph18020148&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1424-8247&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1424-8247&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1424-8247&client=summon |