Innate immunity: the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage,...

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Published in:	Nature immunology Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 165 - 176
Main Authors:	Diamond, Michael S, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Nature Publishing Group 01.02.2022
Subjects:	Animals Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - metabolism COVID-19 - virology Cytokine storm Cytokines Cytokines - immunology Cytokines - metabolism Humans Immune clearance Immune Evasion Immune system Immunity, Innate Inflammasomes - immunology Inflammasomes - metabolism Inflammation Innate immunity Morbidity NLR Proteins - immunology NLR Proteins - metabolism Pandemics Pattern recognition Pattern recognition receptors Receptors, Pattern Recognition - immunology Receptors, Pattern Recognition - metabolism Respiratory distress syndrome SARS-CoV-2 - immunology SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Signal Transduction Toll-Like Receptors - immunology Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism Virus Internalization
ISSN:	1529-2908, 1529-2916, 1529-2916
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance. Here, we discuss innate immune processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and the resultant inflammation. Improved understanding of how the innate immune system detects and responds to SARS-CoV-2 will help identify targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe disease and improve patient outcomes.
AbstractList	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance. Here, we discuss innate immune processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and the resultant inflammation. Improved understanding of how the innate immune system detects and responds to SARS-CoV-2 will help identify targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe disease and improve patient outcomes.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance. Here, we discuss innate immune processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and the resultant inflammation. Improved understanding of how the innate immune system detects and responds to SARS-CoV-2 will help identify targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe disease and improve patient outcomes. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance. Here, we discuss innate immune processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and the resultant inflammation. Improved understanding of how the innate immune system detects and responds to SARS-CoV-2 will help identify targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe disease and improve patient outcomes.Kanneganti and Diamond review the key role played by innate immunity in the control and immunopathology of COVID-19. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance. Here, we discuss innate immune processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and the resultant inflammation. Improved understanding of how the innate immune system detects and responds to SARS-CoV-2 will help identify targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe disease and improve patient outcomes.
Author	Diamond, Michael S Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Michael S orcidid: 0000-0002-8791-3165 surname: Diamond fullname: Diamond, Michael S organization: The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Thirumala-Devi orcidid: 0000-0002-6395-6443 surname: Kanneganti fullname: Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi email: thirumala-devi.kanneganti@stjude.org organization: Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. thirumala-devi.kanneganti@stjude.org
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35105981$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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PublicationTitle	Nature immunology
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Snippet	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - metabolism COVID-19 - virology Cytokine storm Cytokines Cytokines - immunology Cytokines - metabolism Humans Immune clearance Immune Evasion Immune system Immunity, Innate Inflammasomes - immunology Inflammasomes - metabolism Inflammation Innate immunity Morbidity NLR Proteins - immunology NLR Proteins - metabolism Pandemics Pattern recognition Pattern recognition receptors Receptors, Pattern Recognition - immunology Receptors, Pattern Recognition - metabolism Respiratory distress syndrome SARS-CoV-2 - immunology SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Signal Transduction Toll-Like Receptors - immunology Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism Virus Internalization
Title	Innate immunity: the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2
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