Innate immunity: the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage,...

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Published in:Nature immunology Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 165 - 176
Main Authors: Diamond, Michael S, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Nature Publishing Group 01.02.2022
Subjects:
Animals
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - metabolism
COVID-19 - virology
Cytokine storm
Cytokines
Cytokines - immunology
Cytokines - metabolism
Humans
Immune clearance
Immune Evasion
Immune system
Immunity, Innate
Inflammasomes - immunology
Inflammasomes - metabolism
Inflammation
Innate immunity
Morbidity
NLR Proteins - immunology
NLR Proteins - metabolism
Pandemics
Pattern recognition
Pattern recognition receptors
Receptors, Pattern Recognition - immunology
Receptors, Pattern Recognition - metabolism
Respiratory distress syndrome
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signal Transduction
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism
Virus Internalization
ISSN:1529-2908, 1529-2916, 1529-2916
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance. Here, we discuss innate immune processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and the resultant inflammation. Improved understanding of how the innate immune system detects and responds to SARS-CoV-2 will help identify targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe disease and improve patient outcomes.
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ISSN:1529-2908
1529-2916
1529-2916
DOI:10.1038/s41590-021-01091-0