Korsakoff's syndrome: a critical review

In this review, we present a survey on Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), a residual syndrome in patients who suffered from a Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) that is predominantly characterized by global amnesia, and in more severe cases also by cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. We describe the histor...

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Vydané v:Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment Ročník 13; s. 2875 - 2890
Hlavní autori: Arts, Nicolaas, Walvoort, Serge, Kessels, Roy
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.01.2017
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Dove Medical Press
Predmet:
Alcohol abuse
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder
Alcoholism
Amnesia
Anterograde transport
Care and treatment
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Dementia
Development and progression
Diencephalon
Drug abuse
Drug therapy
Emotional behavior
Encephalopathy
Epidemiology
Ethanol
Ethanol Neurotoxicity
Etiology
Korsakoff syndrome
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Memory
Mental disorders
Neuropsychology
Neurotoxicity
Patients
Psychological aspects
Psychosis
Rehabilitation
Retrograde amnesia
Retrograde transport
Review
Thalamic nuclei
Thalamus
Thiamine
Thiamine Deficiency
Vitamin B
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Wernicke's encephalopathy
ethanol neurotoxicity
memory
Korsakoff’s syndrome
thiamine deficiency
history
Wernicke encephalopathy
alcohol amnestic disorder
executive function
thalamus
ISSN:1178-2021, 1176-6328, 1178-2021
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Shrnutí:In this review, we present a survey on Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), a residual syndrome in patients who suffered from a Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) that is predominantly characterized by global amnesia, and in more severe cases also by cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. We describe the history of KS and its definition, its epidemiology, and the lack of consensus criteria for its diagnosis. The cognitive and behavioral symptoms of KS, which include anterograde and retrograde amnesia, executive dysfunction, confabulation, apathy, as well as affective and social-cognitive impairments, are discussed. Moreover, recent insights into the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms of these symptoms are presented. In addition, the evidence so far on the etiology of KS is examined, highlighting the role of thiamine and alcohol and discussing the continuity hypothesis. Furthermore, the neuropathology of KS is reviewed, focusing on abnormalities in the diencephalon, including the mammillary bodies and thalamic nuclei. Pharmacological treatment options and nonpharmacological interventions, such as those based on cognitive rehabilitation, are discussed. Our review shows that thiamine deficiency (TD) is a crucial factor in the etiology of KS. Although alcohol abuse is by far the most important context in which TD occurs, there is no convincing evidence for an essential contribution of ethanol neurotoxicity (EN) to the development of WE or to the progression of WE to KS. Future research on the postmortem histopathological analysis of brain tissues of KS patients is crucial for the advancement of our knowledge of KS, especially for associating its symptoms with lesions in various thalamic nuclei. A necessary requirement for the advancement of studies on KS is the broad acceptance of a comprehensive definition and definite diagnostic criteria. Therefore, in this review, we propose such a definition of KS and draft outlines for prospective diagnostic criteria.
Bibliografia:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:1178-2021
1176-6328
1178-2021
DOI:10.2147/NDT.S130078