Impact of Biological and Environmental Variabilities on Biological Monitoring-An Approach Using Toxicokinetic Models

Biological monitoring of occupational exposure is characterized by important variability, due both to variability in the environment and to biological differences between workers. A quantitative description and understanding of this variability is important for a dependable application of biological...

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Vydáno v:Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene Ročník 7; číslo 3; s. 177 - 184
Hlavní autoři: Berthet, A., de Batz, A., Tardif, R., Charest-Tardif, G., Truchon, G., Vernez, D., Droz, P. O.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Taylor & Francis Group 01.03.2010
Taylor & Francis LLC
Témata:
Arsenic
Bioindicators
Biological Assay
biological monitoring of exposure
Biomonitoring
Cadmium
Carbon monoxide
Chromium
Cobalt
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants - analysis
Environmental Pollutants - pharmacokinetics
environmental variability
exposure monitoring
Fluorides
Human exposure
Impact analysis
Kinetics
Mercury
Metabolites
Models, Biological
Monte Carlo Method
Monte Carlo simulation
Occupational Exposure - analysis
Occupational safety
Phenols
Physiology
Studies
Toluene
total variability
Toxicity
toxicokinetic compartmental model exposure monitoring
Variability
ISSN:1545-9624, 1545-9632, 1545-9632
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Shrnutí:Biological monitoring of occupational exposure is characterized by important variability, due both to variability in the environment and to biological differences between workers. A quantitative description and understanding of this variability is important for a dependable application of biological monitoring. This work describes this variability, using a toxicokinetic model, for a large range of chemicals for which reference biological reference values exist. A toxicokinetic compartmental model describing both the parent compound and its metabolites was used. For each chemical, compartments were given physiological meaning. Models were elaborated based on physiological, physicochemical, and biochemical data when available, and on half-lives and central compartment concentrations when not available. Fourteen chemicals were studied (arsenic, cadmium, carbon monoxide, chromium, cobalt, ethylbenzene, ethyleneglycol monomethylether, fluorides, lead, mercury, methyl isobutyl ketone, penthachlorophenol, phenol, and toluene), representing 20 biological indicators. Occupational exposures were simulated using Monte Carlo techniques with realistic distributions of both individual physiological parameters and exposure conditions. Resulting biological indicator levels were then analyzed to identify the contribution of environmental and biological variability to total variability. Comparison of predicted biological indicator levels with biological exposure limits showed a high correlation with the model for 19 out of 20 indicators. Variability associated with changes in exposure levels (GSD of 1.5 and 2.0) is shown to be mainly influenced by the kinetics of the biological indicator. Thus, with regard to variability, we can conclude that, for the 14 chemicals modeled, biological monitoring would be preferable to air monitoring. For short half-lives (less than 7 hr), this is very similar to the environmental variability. However, for longer half-lives, estimated variability decreased. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene for the following free supplemental resource: tables detailing the CBTK models for all 14 chemicals and the symbol nomenclature that was used.]
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ISSN:1545-9624
1545-9632
1545-9632
DOI:10.1080/15459620903530052