Rift Valley Fever Virus Exposure amongst Farmers, Farm Workers, and Veterinary Professionals in Central South Africa

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950–1951, 1974–1975, and 2010–2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, howeve...

Celý popis

Uložené v:

Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:	Viruses Ročník 11; číslo 2; s. 140
Hlavní autori:	Msimang, Veerle, Thompson, Peter N., Jansen van Vuren, Petrus, Tempia, Stefano, Cordel, Claudia, Kgaladi, Joe, Khosa, Jimmy, Burt, Felicity J., Liang, Janice, Rostal, Melinda K., Karesh, William B., Paweska, Janusz T.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Switzerland MDPI AG 07.02.2019 MDPI
Predmet:	Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Agriculture Animals Antibodies, Viral - blood Antigens Cattle Censuses Coccidioidomycosis Confidence intervals Cross-Sectional Studies emerging disease Employees Epidemics Epidemics - prevention & control Farmers - statistics & numerical data Farms Farmworkers Female Fever Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Households human exposure Humans Infections Infectious diseases Laboratories Livestock Livestock - virology Logistic Models Male Meat Middle Aged Occupational Exposure Public health Red Meat - virology Rift Valley fever Rift Valley Fever - epidemiology Rift Valley fever virus Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology seroprevalence Sheep South Africa South Africa - epidemiology spatial distribution statistical case estimation Surveys and Questionnaires Veterinarians - statistics & numerical data Young Adult Zoonoses South Africa United States > US
ISSN:	1999-4915, 1999-4915
On-line prístup:	Získať plný text
Tagy:	Pridať tag Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!

Abstract	Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950–1951, 1974–1975, and 2010–2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, however, not been accurately estimated. A total of 823 people in close occupational contact with livestock were interviewed and sampled over a six-month period in 2015–2016 within a 40,000 km2 study area encompassing parts of the Free State and Northern Cape provinces that were affected during the 2010–2011 outbreak. Seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) was 9.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI95%): 7.2–11.5%) in people working or residing on livestock or game farms and 8.0% in veterinary professionals. The highest seroprevalence (SP = 15.4%; CI95%: 11.4–20.3%) was detected in older age groups (≥40 years old) that had experienced more than one known large epidemic compared to the younger participants (SP = 4.3%; CI95%: 2.6–7.3%). The highest seroprevalence was in addition found in people who injected animals, collected blood samples (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI95%: 1.0–5.3), slaughtered animals (OR = 3.9; CI95%: 1.2–12.9) and consumed meat from an animal found dead (OR = 3.1; CI95%: 1.5–6.6), or worked on farms with dams for water storage (OR = 2.7; CI95%: 1.0–6.9). We estimated the number of historical RVFV infections of farm staff in the study area to be most likely 3849 and 95% credible interval between 2635 and 5374 based on seroprevalence of 9.1% and national census data. We conclude that human RVF cases were highly underdiagnosed and heterogeneously distributed. Improving precautions during injection, sample collection, slaughtering, and meat processing for consumption, and using personal protective equipment during outbreaks, could lower the risk of RVFV infection.
AbstractList	Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950⁻1951, 1974⁻1975, and 2010⁻2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, however, not been accurately estimated. A total of 823 people in close occupational contact with livestock were interviewed and sampled over a six-month period in 2015⁻2016 within a 40,000 km2 study area encompassing parts of the Free State and Northern Cape provinces that were affected during the 2010⁻2011 outbreak. Seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) was 9.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI95%): 7.2⁻11.5%) in people working or residing on livestock or game farms and 8.0% in veterinary professionals. The highest seroprevalence (SP = 15.4%; CI95%: 11.4⁻20.3%) was detected in older age groups (≥40 years old) that had experienced more than one known large epidemic compared to the younger participants (SP = 4.3%; CI95%: 2.6⁻7.3%). The highest seroprevalence was in addition found in people who injected animals, collected blood samples (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI95%: 1.0⁻5.3), slaughtered animals (OR = 3.9; CI95%: 1.2⁻12.9) and consumed meat from an animal found dead (OR = 3.1; CI95%: 1.5⁻6.6), or worked on farms with dams for water storage (OR = 2.7; CI95%: 1.0⁻6.9). We estimated the number of historical RVFV infections of farm staff in the study area to be most likely 3849 and 95% credible interval between 2635 and 5374 based on seroprevalence of 9.1% and national census data. We conclude that human RVF cases were highly underdiagnosed and heterogeneously distributed. Improving precautions during injection, sample collection, slaughtering, and meat processing for consumption, and using personal protective equipment during outbreaks, could lower the risk of RVFV infection. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950⁻1951, 1974⁻1975, and 2010⁻2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, however, not been accurately estimated. A total of 823 people in close occupational contact with livestock were interviewed and sampled over a six-month period in 2015⁻2016 within a 40,000 km² study area encompassing parts of the Free State and Northern Cape provinces that were affected during the 2010⁻2011 outbreak. Seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) was 9.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI95%): 7.2⁻11.5%) in people working or residing on livestock or game farms and 8.0% in veterinary professionals. The highest seroprevalence (SP = 15.4%; CI95%: 11.4⁻20.3%) was detected in older age groups (≥40 years old) that had experienced more than one known large epidemic compared to the younger participants (SP = 4.3%; CI95%: 2.6⁻7.3%). The highest seroprevalence was in addition found in people who injected animals, collected blood samples (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI95%: 1.0⁻5.3), slaughtered animals (OR = 3.9; CI95%: 1.2⁻12.9) and consumed meat from an animal found dead (OR = 3.1; CI95%: 1.5⁻6.6), or worked on farms with dams for water storage (OR = 2.7; CI95%: 1.0⁻6.9). We estimated the number of historical RVFV infections of farm staff in the study area to be most likely 3849 and 95% credible interval between 2635 and 5374 based on seroprevalence of 9.1% and national census data. We conclude that human RVF cases were highly underdiagnosed and heterogeneously distributed. Improving precautions during injection, sample collection, slaughtering, and meat processing for consumption, and using personal protective equipment during outbreaks, could lower the risk of RVFV infection.Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950⁻1951, 1974⁻1975, and 2010⁻2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, however, not been accurately estimated. A total of 823 people in close occupational contact with livestock were interviewed and sampled over a six-month period in 2015⁻2016 within a 40,000 km² study area encompassing parts of the Free State and Northern Cape provinces that were affected during the 2010⁻2011 outbreak. Seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) was 9.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI95%): 7.2⁻11.5%) in people working or residing on livestock or game farms and 8.0% in veterinary professionals. The highest seroprevalence (SP = 15.4%; CI95%: 11.4⁻20.3%) was detected in older age groups (≥40 years old) that had experienced more than one known large epidemic compared to the younger participants (SP = 4.3%; CI95%: 2.6⁻7.3%). The highest seroprevalence was in addition found in people who injected animals, collected blood samples (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI95%: 1.0⁻5.3), slaughtered animals (OR = 3.9; CI95%: 1.2⁻12.9) and consumed meat from an animal found dead (OR = 3.1; CI95%: 1.5⁻6.6), or worked on farms with dams for water storage (OR = 2.7; CI95%: 1.0⁻6.9). We estimated the number of historical RVFV infections of farm staff in the study area to be most likely 3849 and 95% credible interval between 2635 and 5374 based on seroprevalence of 9.1% and national census data. We conclude that human RVF cases were highly underdiagnosed and heterogeneously distributed. Improving precautions during injection, sample collection, slaughtering, and meat processing for consumption, and using personal protective equipment during outbreaks, could lower the risk of RVFV infection. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950⁻1951, 1974⁻1975, and 2010⁻2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, however, not been accurately estimated. A total of 823 people in close occupational contact with livestock were interviewed and sampled over a six-month period in 2015⁻2016 within a 40,000 km² study area encompassing parts of the Free State and Northern Cape provinces that were affected during the 2010⁻2011 outbreak. Seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) was 9.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI95%): 7.2⁻11.5%) in people working or residing on livestock or game farms and 8.0% in veterinary professionals. The highest seroprevalence (SP = 15.4%; CI95%: 11.4⁻20.3%) was detected in older age groups (≥40 years old) that had experienced more than one known large epidemic compared to the younger participants (SP = 4.3%; CI95%: 2.6⁻7.3%). The highest seroprevalence was in addition found in people who injected animals, collected blood samples (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI95%: 1.0⁻5.3), slaughtered animals (OR = 3.9; CI95%: 1.2⁻12.9) and consumed meat from an animal found dead (OR = 3.1; CI95%: 1.5⁻6.6), or worked on farms with dams for water storage (OR = 2.7; CI95%: 1.0⁻6.9). We estimated the number of historical RVFV infections of farm staff in the study area to be most likely 3849 and 95% credible interval between 2635 and 5374 based on seroprevalence of 9.1% and national census data. We conclude that human RVF cases were highly underdiagnosed and heterogeneously distributed. Improving precautions during injection, sample collection, slaughtering, and meat processing for consumption, and using personal protective equipment during outbreaks, could lower the risk of RVFV infection. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950–1951, 1974–1975, and 2010–2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, however, not been accurately estimated. A total of 823 people in close occupational contact with livestock were interviewed and sampled over a six-month period in 2015–2016 within a 40,000 km2 study area encompassing parts of the Free State and Northern Cape provinces that were affected during the 2010–2011 outbreak. Seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) was 9.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI95%): 7.2–11.5%) in people working or residing on livestock or game farms and 8.0% in veterinary professionals. The highest seroprevalence (SP = 15.4%; CI95%: 11.4–20.3%) was detected in older age groups (≥40 years old) that had experienced more than one known large epidemic compared to the younger participants (SP = 4.3%; CI95%: 2.6–7.3%). The highest seroprevalence was in addition found in people who injected animals, collected blood samples (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI95%: 1.0–5.3), slaughtered animals (OR = 3.9; CI95%: 1.2–12.9) and consumed meat from an animal found dead (OR = 3.1; CI95%: 1.5–6.6), or worked on farms with dams for water storage (OR = 2.7; CI95%: 1.0–6.9). We estimated the number of historical RVFV infections of farm staff in the study area to be most likely 3849 and 95% credible interval between 2635 and 5374 based on seroprevalence of 9.1% and national census data. We conclude that human RVF cases were highly underdiagnosed and heterogeneously distributed. Improving precautions during injection, sample collection, slaughtering, and meat processing for consumption, and using personal protective equipment during outbreaks, could lower the risk of RVFV infection.
Author	Rostal, Melinda K. Tempia, Stefano Msimang, Veerle Jansen van Vuren, Petrus Burt, Felicity J. Kgaladi, Joe Cordel, Claudia Liang, Janice Paweska, Janusz T. Khosa, Jimmy Karesh, William B. Thompson, Peter N.
AuthorAffiliation	3 MassGenics, Duluth, GA 30026, USA; stefanot@nicd.ac.za 8 Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; BurtFJ@ufs.ac.za 2 Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa; petrusv@nicd.ac.za (P.J.v.V.); joek@nicd.ac.za (J.K.) 4 Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 1 Epidemiology Section, Department of Animal Production Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa 7 National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa; jimmyk@nicd.ac.za 5 Influenza Division and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30301, USA 6 ExecuVet (Pty) LTD, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; execuvet26@gmail.com 9 EcoHea
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 4 Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria 0001, South Africa – name: 8 Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; BurtFJ@ufs.ac.za – name: 2 Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa; petrusv@nicd.ac.za (P.J.v.V.); joek@nicd.ac.za (J.K.) – name: 3 MassGenics, Duluth, GA 30026, USA; stefanot@nicd.ac.za – name: 6 ExecuVet (Pty) LTD, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; execuvet26@gmail.com – name: 7 National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa; jimmyk@nicd.ac.za – name: 1 Epidemiology Section, Department of Animal Production Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa – name: 9 EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001, USA; janice.en.liang@gmail.com (J.L.); rostal@ecohealthalliance.org (M.K.R.); karesh@ecohealthalliance.org (W.B.K.) – name: 5 Influenza Division and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30301, USA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Veerle surname: Msimang fullname: Msimang, Veerle – sequence: 2 givenname: Peter N. orcidid: 0000-0002-2268-9748 surname: Thompson fullname: Thompson, Peter N. – sequence: 3 givenname: Petrus orcidid: 0000-0003-2862-7983 surname: Jansen van Vuren fullname: Jansen van Vuren, Petrus – sequence: 4 givenname: Stefano orcidid: 0000-0003-4395-347X surname: Tempia fullname: Tempia, Stefano – sequence: 5 givenname: Claudia surname: Cordel fullname: Cordel, Claudia – sequence: 6 givenname: Joe surname: Kgaladi fullname: Kgaladi, Joe – sequence: 7 givenname: Jimmy surname: Khosa fullname: Khosa, Jimmy – sequence: 8 givenname: Felicity J. orcidid: 0000-0002-7238-7799 surname: Burt fullname: Burt, Felicity J. – sequence: 9 givenname: Janice surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Janice – sequence: 10 givenname: Melinda K. orcidid: 0000-0002-6563-5280 surname: Rostal fullname: Rostal, Melinda K. – sequence: 11 givenname: William B. surname: Karesh fullname: Karesh, William B. – sequence: 12 givenname: Janusz T. orcidid: 0000-0001-8776-7519 surname: Paweska fullname: Paweska, Janusz T.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30736488$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNplkk1vEzEQhi1URNvAgT-ALHEBiVB_rXd9qVRFDVSqBOIjHC3HO04ddtfB9kb03-MmbdWW04w97zx6PZ5jdDCEARB6TclHzhU52VJKGKGCPENHVCk1FYpWBw_yQ3Sc0poQKRWpX6BDTmouRdMcofzNu4wXpuvgGs9hCxEvfBwTPv-7CWmMgE0fhlXKeG5iDzF92CX4V4i_dycztHgBGaIfTLzGX2NwkJIPg-kS9gOewZCj6fD3MOYrfOait-Yleu5KGV7dxgn6OT__Mfs8vfzy6WJ2djm1Fa_yVCxbRy2x3KmaO1kbLmrmKDWSKUtkI6FqJTONsrIhFVXWMuqEYkrJljVW8Qm62HPbYNZ6E31fLOpgvN5dhLjSJmZvO9CCWQtStXTJWgHOmKZ1HJqlrQqyrnhhne5Zm3HZQ2v3z3oEfVwZ_JVeha2WgihVswJ4dwuI4c8IKeveJwtdZwYIY9KMEUZV1ShRpG-fSNdhjDcT1axMhtU1LXGC3jx0dG_l7nOL4GQvsDGkFMFp67PJ5W-KQd9pSvTN-uj79Skd75903EH_1_4D3I7Ekw
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0012347 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens9110914 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lanplh_2025_101299 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens11111349 crossref_primary_10_1002_vms3_1238 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0010898 crossref_primary_10_3390_v15061346 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12091174 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40572_019_00253_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2021_730424 crossref_primary_10_3390_v15122369 crossref_primary_10_1089_vbz_2019_2519 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02405_1 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2020_00137 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0009705 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2022_07_012 crossref_primary_10_1111_tbed_13402 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12985_024_02602_9 crossref_primary_10_3201_eid2712_210643 crossref_primary_10_1111_tbed_14525 crossref_primary_10_1128_jvi_01112_22 crossref_primary_10_3390_v13081651
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.06.006 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0318 10.4049/jimmunol.62.2.213 10.1016/0035-9203(79)90004-X 10.1093/ilar/ilx023 10.3201/eid1408.080082 10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.795 10.1111/tbed.12197 10.3201/eid1912.121527 10.1038/emi.2016.57 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.09.018 10.1089/vbz.2018.2357 10.1111/tmi.12385 10.1002/path.1700340418 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001265 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023819 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.83s2a02 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000763 10.1128/JVI.73.10.8196-8200.1999 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)75905-7 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.02.008 10.1371/journal.pone.0074192 10.4102/ojvr.v80i1.384 10.7196/SAMJ.4544 10.3201/eid0802.010023 10.1145/2369220.2369236 10.4102/jsava.v83i1.132 10.1093/nar/gkx932 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.069 10.1086/345671 10.1371/journal.pone.0088897 10.3390/vaccines5030029 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x 10.1093/biomet/37.1-2.17 10.1089/vbz.2017.2158 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001229 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112510 10.2307/3315916 10.1136/bjo.64.5.366
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019 by the authors. 2019
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2019 by the authors. 2019
DBID	AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7U9 7X7 7XB 88E 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M1P M7P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA
DOI	10.3390/v11020140
DatabaseName	CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Virology and AIDS Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials - QC Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Biological Science Collection Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database Biological Science Database Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE Publicly Available Content Database CrossRef
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Biology Public Health Agriculture
EISSN	1999-4915
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_42cce69d1b2d4efaa8df3e8bc51f4753 PMC6409972 30736488 10_3390_v11020140
Genre	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S Journal Article
GeographicLocations	South Africa United States--US
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: South Africa – name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: Defense Threat Reduction Agency grantid: CT 2014-33
GroupedDBID	--- 2WC 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ A8Z AADQD AAFWJ AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACUHS AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CITATION DIK E3Z EBD ESX FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HMCUK HYE IAO KQ8 LK8 M1P M48 M7P MODMG M~E O5R O5S OK1 PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RPM TR2 TUS UKHRP ALIPV CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7U9 7XB 8FK AZQEC DWQXO GNUQQ H94 K9. PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 ESTFP PUEGO 5PM
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-4bdf1c0c3f973f67a3472f11a629c0686e5d62a89c680519cc21f492996d28c93
IEDL.DBID	M7P
ISICitedReferencesCount	26
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000460803200050&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1999-4915
IngestDate	Tue Oct 14 19:09:11 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 01:43:19 EST 2025 Thu Oct 02 05:41:45 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 14:50:19 EST 2025 Thu Apr 03 06:49:53 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:14:20 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:00:43 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	2
Language	English
License	Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c535t-4bdf1c0c3f973f67a3472f11a629c0686e5d62a89c680519cc21f492996d28c93
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ORCID	0000-0003-2862-7983 0000-0001-8776-7519 0000-0002-2268-9748 0000-0002-6563-5280 0000-0002-7238-7799 0000-0003-4395-347X
OpenAccessLink	https://www.proquest.com/docview/2535277125?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID	30736488
PQID	2535277125
PQPubID	2032319
ParticipantIDs	doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_42cce69d1b2d4efaa8df3e8bc51f4753 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_6409972 proquest_miscellaneous_2202195894 proquest_journals_2535277125 pubmed_primary_30736488 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_v11020140 crossref_primary_10_3390_v11020140
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20190207
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2019-02-07
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 2 year: 2019 text: 20190207 day: 7
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Switzerland – name: Basel
PublicationTitle	Viruses
PublicationTitleAlternate	Viruses
PublicationYear	2019
Publisher	MDPI AG MDPI
Publisher_xml	– name: MDPI AG – name: MDPI
References	Kgaladi (ref_18) 2018; 18 LaBeaud (ref_45) 2007; 76 Nicholas (ref_39) 2014; 19 Rogan (ref_26) 1978; 107 Ayoola (ref_5) 2003; 36 Mohamed (ref_43) 2010; 83 Deutman (ref_6) 1981; 92 ref_11 ref_55 Woods (ref_42) 2002; 8 ref_19 ref_17 Stern (ref_13) 1956; 1 Smithburn (ref_31) 1959; 33 Freed (ref_53) 1951; 25 ref_25 ref_22 ref_21 Abboud (ref_51) 2005; 112 Pienaar (ref_20) 2013; 80 Beechler (ref_34) 2015; 62 Daubney (ref_46) 1931; 34 Lefkowitz (ref_3) 2018; 46 Smithburn (ref_12) 1949; 62 Archer (ref_9) 2011; 101 Blaker (ref_27) 2000; 28 Mundel (ref_15) 1951; 25 ref_36 ref_35 Velebit (ref_40) 2015; 5 ref_32 Siam (ref_50) 1980; 64 Simpson (ref_33) 2018; 18 Sall (ref_49) 1999; 73 Ord (ref_29) 1995; 27 ref_38 ref_37 Gear (ref_14) 1951; 8 Paweska (ref_23) 2007; 146 Paweska (ref_24) 2005; 127 Meyer (ref_54) 1977; 51 Rostal (ref_10) 2017; 58 Davies (ref_47) 2010; 83 Linthicum (ref_1) 2016; 61 Mapaco (ref_30) 2012; 83 LaBeaud (ref_44) 2008; 14 Baba (ref_48) 2016; 5 McIntosh (ref_16) 1980; 15 Schrire (ref_52) 1951; 25 ref_2 Moran (ref_28) 1950; 37 Meegan (ref_41) 1979; 73 ref_8 ref_4 ref_7
References_xml	– volume: 146 start-page: 119 year: 2007 ident: ref_23 article-title: Validation of an indirect ELISA based on a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of Rift Valley fever virus for the detection of IgG antibody in humans publication-title: J. Virol. Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.06.006 – volume: 25 start-page: 926 year: 1951 ident: ref_52 article-title: Macular changes in Rift Valley fever publication-title: S. Afr. Med. J. – ident: ref_32 – volume: 83 start-page: 22 year: 2010 ident: ref_43 article-title: Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of a Rift Valley fever outbreak in humans in Tanzania, 2007 publication-title: Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0318 – volume: 62 start-page: 213 year: 1949 ident: ref_12 article-title: Rift Valley fever; accidental infections among laboratory workers publication-title: J. Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.62.2.213 – volume: 1 start-page: 281 year: 1956 ident: ref_13 article-title: Rift Valley Fever in Rhodesia Report of a Case in a Laboratory Worker publication-title: Cent. J. Afr. Med. – volume: 73 start-page: 618 year: 1979 ident: ref_41 article-title: The Rift Valley fever epizootic in Egypt 1977–78. 1. Description of the epizootic and virological studies publication-title: Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(79)90004-X – volume: 58 start-page: 359 year: 2017 ident: ref_10 article-title: Rift Valley Fever: Does Wildlife Play a Role? publication-title: ILAR J. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilx023 – volume: 14 start-page: 1240 year: 2008 ident: ref_44 article-title: Interepidemic Rift Valley Fever Virus Seropositivity, Northeastern Kenya publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid1408.080082 – volume: 76 start-page: 795 year: 2007 ident: ref_45 article-title: Spectrum of Rift Valley Fever Virus Transmission in Kenya: Insights from three Distinct Regions publication-title: Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.795 – volume: 62 start-page: 24 year: 2015 ident: ref_34 article-title: Rift valley Fever in Kruger national park: Do buffalo play a role in the inter-epidemic circulation of virus? publication-title: Transbound. Emerg. Dis. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12197 – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.3201/eid1912.121527 – volume: 5 start-page: e58 year: 2016 ident: ref_48 article-title: Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa? publication-title: Emerg. Microbes Infect. doi: 10.1038/emi.2016.57 – volume: 112 start-page: 313 year: 2005 ident: ref_51 article-title: Ocular complications of Rift Valley fever outbreak in Saudi Arabia publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.09.018 – volume: 18 start-page: 713 year: 2018 ident: ref_18 article-title: Human Cases of Rift Valley Fever in South Africa, 2018 publication-title: Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2357 – ident: ref_8 – volume: 19 start-page: 1420 year: 2014 ident: ref_39 article-title: Risk factors associated with human Rift Valley fever infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: Trop. Med. Int. Health doi: 10.1111/tmi.12385 – ident: ref_4 – volume: 15 start-page: 803 year: 1980 ident: ref_16 article-title: Rift Valley fever in humans in South Africa publication-title: Afr. Med. J. – volume: 34 start-page: 545 year: 1931 ident: ref_46 article-title: Enzootic hepatitis or rift valley fever. An undescribed virus disease of sheep cattle and man from east africa publication-title: J. Pathol. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1002/path.1700340418 – ident: ref_37 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001265 – volume: 61 start-page: 395 year: 2016 ident: ref_1 article-title: Rift Valley Fever: An Emerging Mosquito-Borne Disease publication-title: Annu. Rev. Entomol. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023819 – volume: 83 start-page: 73 year: 2010 ident: ref_47 article-title: The Historical and Recent Impact of Rift Valley Fever in Africa publication-title: Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.83s2a02 – ident: ref_36 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000763 – volume: 25 start-page: 797 year: 1951 ident: ref_15 article-title: Rift Valley fever. I. The occurrence of human cases in Johannesburg publication-title: Afr. Med. J. – volume: 8 start-page: 908 year: 1951 ident: ref_14 article-title: Rift valley fever in South Africa. 2. The occurrence of human cases in the Orange Free State, the North-Western Cape Province, the Western and Southern Transvaal. B. Field and laboratory investigation publication-title: Afr. Med. J. – volume: 73 start-page: 8196 year: 1999 ident: ref_49 article-title: Genetic Reassortment of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Nature publication-title: J. Virol. doi: 10.1128/JVI.73.10.8196-8200.1999 – volume: 92 start-page: 38 year: 1981 ident: ref_6 article-title: Rift Valley Fever Retinitis publication-title: Am. J. Ophthalmol. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)75905-7 – volume: 127 start-page: 10 year: 2005 ident: ref_24 article-title: An inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody to Rift Valley fever virus in humans, domestic and wild ruminants publication-title: J. Virol. Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.02.008 – ident: ref_7 – ident: ref_38 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074192 – volume: 80 start-page: 13 year: 2013 ident: ref_20 article-title: Temporal and spatial history of Rift Valley fever in South Africa: 1950 to 2011 publication-title: Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v80i1.384 – volume: 51 start-page: 867 year: 1977 ident: ref_54 article-title: Rift valley fever affecting humans in South Africa—A clinicopathological study publication-title: S. Afr. Med. J. – volume: 101 start-page: 263 year: 2011 ident: ref_9 article-title: Outbreak of Rift Valley fever affecting veterinarians and farmers in South Africa, 2008 publication-title: S. Afr. Med. J. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.4544 – volume: 8 start-page: 138 year: 2002 ident: ref_42 article-title: An Outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Northeastern Kenya, 1997–98 publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.3201/eid0802.010023 – ident: ref_22 doi: 10.1145/2369220.2369236 – volume: 83 start-page: 132 year: 2012 ident: ref_30 article-title: An investigation into an outbreak of Rift Valley fever on a cattle farm in Bela-Bela, South Africa, in 2008 publication-title: J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v83i1.132 – volume: 46 start-page: D708 year: 2018 ident: ref_3 article-title: Virus taxonomy: The database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx932 – volume: 5 start-page: 304 year: 2015 ident: ref_40 article-title: Transmission of Common Foodborne Viruses by Meat Products publication-title: Procedia Food Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.069 – volume: 36 start-page: 245 year: 2003 ident: ref_5 article-title: Epidemic Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia: A clinical study of severe illness in humans publication-title: Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. doi: 10.1086/345671 – ident: ref_35 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088897 – ident: ref_21 – volume: 25 start-page: 930 year: 1951 ident: ref_53 article-title: Rift Valley fever in man: Complicated by retinal changes and loss of vision publication-title: S. Afr. Med. J. – ident: ref_55 doi: 10.3390/vaccines5030029 – volume: 27 start-page: 286 year: 1995 ident: ref_29 article-title: Local Spatial Autocorrelation Statistics: Distributional Issues and an Application publication-title: Geogr. Anal. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x – volume: 37 start-page: 17 year: 1950 ident: ref_28 article-title: Notes on Continuous Stochastic Phenomena publication-title: Biometrika doi: 10.1093/biomet/37.1-2.17 – volume: 18 start-page: 303 year: 2018 ident: ref_33 article-title: Prevalence of Selected Zoonotic Diseases and Risk Factors at a Human-Wildlife-Livestock Interface in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa publication-title: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. Larchmt. N doi: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2158 – ident: ref_25 – ident: ref_11 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001229 – ident: ref_2 – volume: 107 start-page: 71 year: 1978 ident: ref_26 article-title: Estimating Prevalence From Results of A Screening-test publication-title: Am. J. Epidemiol. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112510 – volume: 33 start-page: 555 year: 1959 ident: ref_31 article-title: Neutralizing antibodies for certain viruses in the sera of human beings residing in Northern Natal publication-title: S. Afr. Med. J. – volume: 28 start-page: 783 year: 2000 ident: ref_27 article-title: Confidence curves and improved exact confidence intervals for discrete distributions publication-title: Can. J. Stat. doi: 10.2307/3315916 – volume: 64 start-page: 366 year: 1980 ident: ref_50 article-title: Rift Valley fever ocular manifestations: Observations during the 1977 epidemic in Egypt publication-title: Br. J. Ophthalmol. doi: 10.1136/bjo.64.5.366 – ident: ref_19
SSID	ssj0066907
Score	2.3148494
Snippet	Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics...
SourceID	doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref
SourceType	Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source
StartPage	140
SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Agriculture Animals Antibodies, Viral - blood Antigens Cattle Censuses Coccidioidomycosis Confidence intervals Cross-Sectional Studies emerging disease Employees Epidemics Epidemics - prevention & control Farmers - statistics & numerical data Farms Farmworkers Female Fever Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Households human exposure Humans Infections Infectious diseases Laboratories Livestock Livestock - virology Logistic Models Male Meat Middle Aged Occupational Exposure Public health Red Meat - virology Rift Valley fever Rift Valley Fever - epidemiology Rift Valley fever virus Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology seroprevalence Sheep South Africa South Africa - epidemiology spatial distribution statistical case estimation Surveys and Questionnaires Veterinarians - statistics & numerical data Young Adult Zoonoses
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEB5CaCGX0PQVN2lRSw891GQtyZJ1bEOWnkII7ZKbkfWghuINa29o_n01ktfshkAvufmhgzwajb6RR98H8JlVUoZVxucUMx2umcgxBctL7hvHqRalbKLYhLy8rG5u1NWW1BfWhCV64GS4M06NcULZoqGWO691ZT1zVWPKwvOAtTH6BtSzSaZSDBaY8yUeIRaS-rO7sMhRzCV2Vp9I0v8YsnxYILm14sxfwOEIFcm31MUj2HPdS3iexCPvX8Fw3fqBLFAL5Z7MXXBJsmhX655c_L1d4r4fiUJC_UDmeoW701_jBcHt8XinO0sWWA0Tj-SSqy2Sjp60HRk3fklU2SNJUOg1_Jpf_Dz_kY8aCrkpWTnkvLG-MDPDvJLMC6kZl9QXhRZUGTwe4korqK6UERWiOWNosGvATEpYWhnF3sB-t-zcMRBt9cxS5pyjAWSxmdIzKaw0DWbYptQZfNnYtjYjwTjqXPypQ6KBw1BPw5DBp6npbWLVeKzRdxygqQESYccHwT3q0T3q_7lHBqeb4a3H2dnXFDltpAzYLoOP0-swr_Bnie7cch3a0IB-VFkpnsHb5A1TTzAuihD5MpA7frLT1d03Xfs7cncLHo8qv3uKbzuBg2AoFWvI5SnsD6u1ew_PzN3Q9qsPcUL8A5z7Eqc priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title	Rift Valley Fever Virus Exposure amongst Farmers, Farm Workers, and Veterinary Professionals in Central South Africa
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30736488 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2535277125 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2202195894 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6409972 https://doaj.org/article/42cce69d1b2d4efaa8df3e8bc51f4753
Volume	11
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000460803200050&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4915 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0066907 issn: 1999-4915 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4915 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0066907 issn: 1999-4915 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4915 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0066907 issn: 1999-4915 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4915 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0066907 issn: 1999-4915 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4915 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0066907 issn: 1999-4915 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4915 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0066907 issn: 1999-4915 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3Nb9MwFH9iGxwQ4qOMERiVQRw4EK2xEzs5oQ21ggNVNEFVTpFjO6MSSrokndh_j5-ThhVNXLhE-fDB0Xt-X37-_QDeslgI62UKn2KmE0rGfUzB_CgschNSySORO7IJMZ_Hy2WS9gW3pm-r3NpEZ6h1pbBGfkIRh0QI648_rC99ZI3C3dWeQmMPDhAlgbnWvXRriTlmfh2aELOp_cmVdXUUM4odH-Sg-m-LL_9uk7zhd2aP_nfGj-FhH3GS005FnsAdU47g_ulF3aNumBHc6xgpr0fwoCvjke500lNoz1dFSxZIuHJNZsbqPVms6k1Dpr_WFRYXiWMraloykzWWwN-7G4I1ePckS00W2HLjzv2S9AYSSENWJemry8RR-ZGOtegQvs2mXz9-8nuiBl_Zf2z9MNdFoCaKFYlgBReShYIWQSA5TRSeQTGR5lTGieIxhoxK0aAIbWCWcE1jlbBnsF9WpXkORGo50ZQZY6iN5NgkkRPBtVA5pvEqkh6824ouUz2KOZJp_MxsNoNSzgYpe_BmGLruoDtuG3SG8h8GINq2e1HVF1m_eLOQKmV4ooOc6tAUUsa6YCbOVWR_w-Z7HhxvNSDrTUCT_RG_B6-Hz3bx4o6MLE21sWOoDbGSKE5CD446ZRtmgsaXW_PqgdhRw52p7n4pVz8cQDgP3XnoF_-e1kusUWA3HbYfH8N-W2_MK7irrtpVU49hTyyFu8ZjODibztPzsStYjN0as-_Sz1_S778BLsQuvA
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFD6aBggQ4lIGBAYYBBIPi5Y6iR0_IDRg1aaNqkJbtbfg2M6ohNKSpIP-KX4jPk5SVjTxtgfe0tiqXPf43HzO9wG8ChPOrZXJfYqRTiRD5mMI5sdRnpmIShbzzJFN8OEwOTkRozX41fXCYFllpxOdotZThTnybYo4JJxbe_xu9t1H1ii8Xe0oNBqxODCLHzZkq97uf7T_72tKB7tHH_b8llXAV_Yraj_KdN5XgQpzwcOccRlGnOb9vmRUKGyYMLFmVCZCsQT9G6VoP4-sFyGYpolC8CWr8q9YN4ImrlRw1Gl-hpFmg14UhiLYPrOmlWIEs2LzHDXARf7s32WZ5-zc4M7_tkN34XbrUZOd5gjcgzVT9ODmzmnZooqYHlxrGDcXPbjVpClJ0311H-rPk7wmYySUWZCBseeajCflvCK7P2dTTJ4Sx8ZU1WQgS0zxb7kHgncM7pMsNBljSZHrayajc0gnFZkUpM2eE0dVSBpWpg04vpQNeQDrxbQwj4BILQNNQ2MMtZ5qGAgZcKa5yjBNoWLpwZtOVFLVorQjWci31EZrKFXpUqo8eLmcOmugSS6a9B7lbTkB0cTdi2l5mrbKKY2oUoYJ3c-ojkwuZaLz0CSZiu3PsPGsB5udxKWtiqvSP-LmwYvlsFVOeOMkCzOd2znUupAiTkTkwcNGuJcrQePCrPnwgK-I_cpSV0eKyVcHgM4i1-_9-N_Leg7X944-HaaH-8ODJ3DDbodw5fZ8E9brcm6ewlV1Vk-q8pk7xQS-XPah-A3X94Np
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFD6axkUgxKXcAgMMAokHorZOYscPCA22immoqhBUewuOL6MSSkuSDvrX-HX4OElZ0cTbHnhrG6ty3XP3Od8H8DxKOXdexoYUM51YRizEFCxMYpubmEqW8NyTTfDxOD06EpMt-NXNwmBbZWcTvaHWc4U18j5FHBLOnT_u27YtYrI3erP4HiKDFN60dnQajYgcmtUPl75Vrw_23H_9gtLR_qd378OWYSBU7uvqMM61HaqBiqzgkWVcRjGndjiUjAqFwxMm0YzKVCiWYqyjFB3a2EUUgmmaKgRicub_AkfQct82OOm8AMOss0EyiiIx6J84N0sxm9nwf54m4KzY9u8WzVM-b3Tjfz6tm3C9jbTJbqMat2DLFD24untctmgjpgeXGibOVQ-uNeVL0kxl3Yb648zWZIpEMysyMk7fyXRWLiuy_3Mxx6Iq8SxNVU1GssTS_yv_guDdg38nC02m2Grk553J5BQCSkVmBWmr6sRTGJKGrekOfD6XA7kL28W8MPeBSC0HmkbGGOoi2Ggg5IAzzVWO5QuVyABedmKTqRa9HUlEvmUui0MJy9YSFsCz9dJFA1ly1qK3KHvrBYgy7j-Yl8dZa7SymCplmNDDnOrYWClTbSOT5ipxP8PluQHsdNKXtaavyv6IXgBP14-d0cKbKFmY-dKtoS60FEkq4gDuNYK-3gk6HebcSgB8QwU2trr5pJh99cDoLPZz4A_-va0ncNnpQvbhYHz4EK640xC-C5_vwHZdLs0juKhO6llVPvYKTeDLeevEb9IkjCY
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rift+Valley+Fever+Virus+Exposure+amongst+Farmers%2C+Farm+Workers%2C+and+Veterinary+Professionals+in+Central+South+Africa&rft.jtitle=Viruses&rft.au=Msimang%2C+Veerle&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Peter+N&rft.au=Petrus+Jansen+van+Vuren&rft.au=Tempia%2C+Stefano&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1999-4915&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=140&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fv11020140&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4915&client=summon