Differences in arachidonic acid levels and fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene variants in African Americans and European Americans with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome

Over the past 50 years, increases in dietary n-6 PUFA, such as linoleic acid, have been hypothesised to cause or exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study examines an individual's innate capacity to synthesise n-6 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) with respect to the fatty acid desatu...

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Vydáno v:	British journal of nutrition Ročník 107; číslo 4; s. 547 - 555
Hlavní autoři:	Sergeant, Susan, Hugenschmidt, Christina E., Rudock, Megan E., Ziegler, Julie T., Ivester, Priscilla, Ainsworth, Hannah C., Vaidya, Dhananjay, Douglas Case, L., Langefeld, Carl D., Freedman, Barry I., Bowden, Donald W., Mathias, Rasika A., Chilton, Floyd H.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 28.02.2012
Témata:	8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid - blood African Americans Aged alleles arachidonic acid Arachidonic Acid - blood Biological and medical sciences blood serum Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics Eicosapentaenoic Acid - blood European Americans European Continental Ancestry Group Family Health fatty acid composition Fatty Acid Desaturases - genetics Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism Fatty acids Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Frequency Genetic Association Studies homozygosity Human and Clinical Nutrition Humans Linkage Disequilibrium linoleic acid loci Male Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - blood Metabolic Syndrome - ethnology Metabolic Syndrome - genetics Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Multigene Family Nutrition research omega-6 fatty acids Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Population genetics Siblings single nucleotide polymorphism stearoyl-CoA desaturase United States Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems SNP Fatty acid desaturase Arachidonic acid synthesis Endocrinopathy Diabetes mellitus Lipids Metabolic diseases Cardiovascular disease Biosynthesis Arachidonic acid European Metabolic syndrome Fatty acids Vertebrata Mammalia Gene African American
ISSN:	0007-1145, 1475-2662, 1475-2662
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Shrnutí:	Over the past 50 years, increases in dietary n-6 PUFA, such as linoleic acid, have been hypothesised to cause or exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study examines an individual's innate capacity to synthesise n-6 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) with respect to the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) locus in Americans of African and European descent with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. Compared with European Americans (EAm), African Americans (AfAm) exhibited markedly higher serum levels of arachidonic acid (AA) (EAm 7·9 (sd 2·1), AfAm 9·8 (sd 1·9) % of total fatty acids; P < 2·29 × 10− 9) and the AA:n-6-precursor fatty acid ratio, which estimates FADS1 activity (EAm 5·4 (sd 2·2), AfAm 6·9 (sd 2·2); P = 1·44 × 10− 5). In all, seven SNP mapping to the FADS locus revealed strong association with AA, EPA and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the EAm. Importantly, EAm homozygous for the minor allele (T) had significantly lower AA levels (TT 6·3 (sd 1·0); GG 8·5 (sd 2·1); P = 3·0 × 10− 5) and AA:DGLA ratios (TT 3·4 (sd 0·8), GG 6·5 (sd 2·3); P = 2·2 × 10− 7) but higher DGLA levels (TT 1·9 (sd 0·4), GG 1·4 (sd 0·4); P = 3·3 × 10− 7) compared with those homozygous for the major allele (GG). Allele frequency patterns suggest that the GG genotype at rs174537 (associated with higher circulating levels of AA) is much higher in AfAm (0·81) compared with EAm (0·46). Similarly, marked differences in rs174537 genotypic frequencies were observed in HapMap populations. These data suggest that there are probably important differences in the capacity of different populations to synthesise LC-PUFA. These differences may provide a genetic mechanism contributing to health disparities between populations of African and European descent.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0007-1145 1475-2662 1475-2662
DOI:	10.1017/S0007114511003230