Differences in arachidonic acid levels and fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene variants in African Americans and European Americans with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome

Over the past 50 years, increases in dietary n-6 PUFA, such as linoleic acid, have been hypothesised to cause or exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study examines an individual's innate capacity to synthesise n-6 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) with respect to the fatty acid desatu...

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Published in:British journal of nutrition Vol. 107; no. 4; pp. 547 - 555
Main Authors: Sergeant, Susan, Hugenschmidt, Christina E., Rudock, Megan E., Ziegler, Julie T., Ivester, Priscilla, Ainsworth, Hannah C., Vaidya, Dhananjay, Douglas Case, L., Langefeld, Carl D., Freedman, Barry I., Bowden, Donald W., Mathias, Rasika A., Chilton, Floyd H.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 28.02.2012
Subjects:
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid - blood
African Americans
Aged
alleles
arachidonic acid
Arachidonic Acid - blood
Biological and medical sciences
blood serum
Diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics
Eicosapentaenoic Acid - blood
European Americans
European Continental Ancestry Group
Family Health
fatty acid composition
Fatty Acid Desaturases - genetics
Fatty Acid Desaturases - metabolism
Fatty acids
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Frequency
Genetic Association Studies
homozygosity
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Humans
Linkage Disequilibrium
linoleic acid
loci
Male
Metabolic disorders
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - blood
Metabolic Syndrome - ethnology
Metabolic Syndrome - genetics
Middle Aged
Minority & ethnic groups
Multigene Family
Nutrition research
omega-6 fatty acids
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Population genetics
Siblings
single nucleotide polymorphism
stearoyl-CoA desaturase
United States
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
SNP
Fatty acid desaturase
Arachidonic acid synthesis
Endocrinopathy
Diabetes mellitus
Lipids
Metabolic diseases
Cardiovascular disease
Biosynthesis
Arachidonic acid
European
Metabolic syndrome
Fatty acids
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Gene
African American
ISSN:0007-1145, 1475-2662, 1475-2662
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Summary:Over the past 50 years, increases in dietary n-6 PUFA, such as linoleic acid, have been hypothesised to cause or exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study examines an individual's innate capacity to synthesise n-6 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) with respect to the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) locus in Americans of African and European descent with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. Compared with European Americans (EAm), African Americans (AfAm) exhibited markedly higher serum levels of arachidonic acid (AA) (EAm 7·9 (sd 2·1), AfAm 9·8 (sd 1·9) % of total fatty acids; P < 2·29 × 10− 9) and the AA:n-6-precursor fatty acid ratio, which estimates FADS1 activity (EAm 5·4 (sd 2·2), AfAm 6·9 (sd 2·2); P = 1·44 × 10− 5). In all, seven SNP mapping to the FADS locus revealed strong association with AA, EPA and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the EAm. Importantly, EAm homozygous for the minor allele (T) had significantly lower AA levels (TT 6·3 (sd 1·0); GG 8·5 (sd 2·1); P = 3·0 × 10− 5) and AA:DGLA ratios (TT 3·4 (sd 0·8), GG 6·5 (sd 2·3); P = 2·2 × 10− 7) but higher DGLA levels (TT 1·9 (sd 0·4), GG 1·4 (sd 0·4); P = 3·3 × 10− 7) compared with those homozygous for the major allele (GG). Allele frequency patterns suggest that the GG genotype at rs174537 (associated with higher circulating levels of AA) is much higher in AfAm (0·81) compared with EAm (0·46). Similarly, marked differences in rs174537 genotypic frequencies were observed in HapMap populations. These data suggest that there are probably important differences in the capacity of different populations to synthesise LC-PUFA. These differences may provide a genetic mechanism contributing to health disparities between populations of African and European descent.
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ISSN:0007-1145
1475-2662
1475-2662
DOI:10.1017/S0007114511003230