Short and frequent skin contact with nickel

Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quanti...

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Vydáno v:	Contact dermatitis Ročník 73; číslo 4; s. 222 - 230
Hlavní autoři:	Erfani, Behnaz, Lidén, Carola, Midander, Klara
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2015 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Témata:	316L stainless steel artificial sweat copper-nickel Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - diagnosis Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology Humans Monel alloy 400 nickel Nickel - administration & dosage Nickel - adverse effects nickel skin dose nickel-silver Sweat artificial sweat nickel Monel alloy 400 copper-nickel 316L stainless steel nickel-silver nickel skin dose
ISSN:	0105-1873, 1600-0536, 1600-0536
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing materials. Materials/methods Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel‐containing alloys and pure nickel. Results Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024–4.7 µg/cm2 for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Conclusions Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
Bibliografie:	ArticleID:COD12426 istex:BA3CB76CA1F2C329982C7A9C3440AFD259EF1BA2 Forte, the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare Appendix S1. Short and frequent skin contact with nickel. ark:/67375/WNG-71BXPV5X-H ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	0105-1873 1600-0536 1600-0536
DOI:	10.1111/cod.12426