Short and frequent skin contact with nickel

Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quanti...

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Published in:Contact dermatitis Vol. 73; no. 4; pp. 222 - 230
Main Authors: Erfani, Behnaz, Lidén, Carola, Midander, Klara
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2015
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:
316L stainless steel
artificial sweat
copper-nickel
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - diagnosis
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology
Humans
Monel alloy 400
nickel
Nickel - administration & dosage
Nickel - adverse effects
nickel skin dose
nickel-silver
Sweat
artificial sweat
nickel
Monel alloy 400
copper-nickel
316L stainless steel
nickel-silver
nickel skin dose
ISSN:0105-1873, 1600-0536, 1600-0536
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing materials. Materials/methods Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel‐containing alloys and pure nickel. Results Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024–4.7 µg/cm2 for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Conclusions Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
Bibliography:ArticleID:COD12426
istex:BA3CB76CA1F2C329982C7A9C3440AFD259EF1BA2
Forte, the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare
Appendix S1. Short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
ark:/67375/WNG-71BXPV5X-H
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ISSN:0105-1873
1600-0536
1600-0536
DOI:10.1111/cod.12426