Short and frequent skin contact with nickel

Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quanti...

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Vydáno v:Contact dermatitis Ročník 73; číslo 4; s. 222 - 230
Hlavní autoři: Erfani, Behnaz, Lidén, Carola, Midander, Klara
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2015
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
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ISSN:0105-1873, 1600-0536, 1600-0536
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Abstract Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing materials. Materials/methods Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel‐containing alloys and pure nickel. Results Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024–4.7 µg/cm2 for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Conclusions Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
AbstractList Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing materials. Materials/methods Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel‐containing alloys and pure nickel. Results Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024–4.7 µg/cm2 for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Conclusions Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials. Materials/methods Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel. Results Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7µg/cm2 for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Conclusions Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin.BACKGROUNDThe existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin.To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials.OBJECTIVESTo quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials.Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel.MATERIALS/METHODSSequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel.Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7 µg/cm(2) for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods.RESULTSNickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7 µg/cm(2) for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods.Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.CONCLUSIONSNickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials. Materials/methods Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel. Results Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7 mu g/cm super(2) for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Conclusions Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials. Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel. Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7 µg/cm(2) for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
Author Lidén, Carola
Erfani, Behnaz
Midander, Klara
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Issue 4
Keywords artificial sweat
nickel
Monel alloy 400
copper-nickel
316L stainless steel
nickel-silver
nickel skin dose
Language English
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Appendix S1. Short and frequent skin contact with nickel.
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PublicationTitle Contact dermatitis
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Snippet Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed...
The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to...
Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed...
Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the...
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SubjectTerms 316L stainless steel
artificial sweat
copper-nickel
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - diagnosis
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology
Humans
Monel alloy 400
nickel
Nickel - administration & dosage
Nickel - adverse effects
nickel skin dose
nickel-silver
Sweat
Title Short and frequent skin contact with nickel
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Volume 73
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