Short and frequent skin contact with nickel
Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quanti...
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| Vydáno v: | Contact dermatitis Ročník 73; číslo 4; s. 222 - 230 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.10.2015
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
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| ISSN: | 0105-1873, 1600-0536, 1600-0536 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | Summary
Background
The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin.
Objectives
To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing materials.
Materials/methods
Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel‐containing alloys and pure nickel.
Results
Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024–4.7 µg/cm2 for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods.
Conclusions
Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Summary
Background
The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin.
Objectives
To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel‐releasing materials.
Materials/methods
Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel‐containing alloys and pure nickel.
Results
Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024–4.7 µg/cm2 for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods.
Conclusions
Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel. Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials. Materials/methods Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel. Results Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7µg/cm2 for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Conclusions Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel. The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin.BACKGROUNDThe existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin.To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials.OBJECTIVESTo quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials.Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel.MATERIALS/METHODSSequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel.Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7 µg/cm(2) for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods.RESULTSNickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7 µg/cm(2) for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods.Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel.CONCLUSIONSNickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel. Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. Objectives To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials. Materials/methods Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel. Results Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7 mu g/cm super(2) for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Conclusions Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel. The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to which short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing items contributes to nickel deposition on skin. To quantify nickel skin exposure from short and frequent contact with nickel-releasing materials. Sequences of short contact events were assessed in (i) touch tests for measurement of nickel skin dose, (ii) wipe tests to similarly quantify the nickel release during a touch, and (iii) immersion tests in artificial sweat, for nickel-containing alloys and pure nickel. Nickel skin doses from a single touch were 0.024-4.7 µg/cm(2) for all materials. Touching or wiping five untouched surfaces resulted in more accumulated nickel than five repeated touches of the same surface. The released amounts of nickel were generally lower at immersion, but increased with the number of repeated immersion periods. Nickel skin doses were quantified after one single touch for all study materials. Touch tests, and potentially wipe tests as a proxy for skin dose measurements, are preferred to immersion tests for the assessment of short and frequent skin contact with nickel. |
| Author | Lidén, Carola Erfani, Behnaz Midander, Klara |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26086991$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:131999738$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index (Karolinska Institutet) |
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| Keywords | artificial sweat nickel Monel alloy 400 copper-nickel 316L stainless steel nickel-silver nickel skin dose |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | ArticleID:COD12426 istex:BA3CB76CA1F2C329982C7A9C3440AFD259EF1BA2 Forte, the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare Appendix S1. Short and frequent skin contact with nickel. ark:/67375/WNG-71BXPV5X-H ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
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| References_xml | – reference: Fall S, Bruze M, Isaksson M, Lidén C, Matura M, Stenberg B, Lindberg M. Contact allergy trends in Sweden - a retrospective comparison of patch test data from 1992, 2000, and 2009. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 72: 297-304. – reference: Fournier P-G, Govers T R. Contamination by nickel, copper and zinc during the handling of euro coins. Contact Dermatitis 2003: 48: 181-188. – reference: The Commission of the European Communities. Commission regulation (EC) No. 552/2009 of June 2009 amending regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards Annex XVII. Off J Eur Union 2009: L64: 7-31. – reference: Marcus P, Oudar J, Olefjord I. XPS-study of the passive film on nickel. J Microsc Spect Elec 1979: 4: 63-72. – reference: Lidén C, Skare L, Lind B, Nise G, Vahter M. Assessment of skin exposure to nickel, chromium and cobalt by acid wipe sampling and ICP-MS. Contact Dermatitis 2006: 54: 233-238. – reference: Olefjord I, Brox B, Jelvestam U. Surface composition of stainless steels during anodic dissolution and passivation studied by ESCA. J Electrochem Soc 1985: 132: 2854-2861. – reference: Staton I, Ma R, Evans N, Hutchinson R W, McLeod C W, Gawkrodger D J. Dermal nickel exposure associated with coin handling and in various occupational settings: assessment using a newly developed finger immersion method. Br J Dermatol 2006: 154: 658-664. – reference: Julander A, Midander K, Herting G, Thyssen J P, White I R, Odnevall Wallinder I, Lidén C. New UK nickel-plated steel coins constitute an increased allergy and eczema risk. Contact Dermatitis 2013: 68: 323-330. – reference: Jensen P, Thyssen J P, Johansen J D, Skare L, Menné T, Lidén C. Occupational hand eczema caused by nickel and evaluated by quantitative exposure assessment. Contact Dermatitis 2011: 64: 32-36. – reference: Lidén C, Skare L, Nise G, Vahter M. Deposition of nickel, chromium, and cobalt on the skin in some occupations - assessment by acid wipe sampling. Contact Dermatitis 2008: 58: 347-354. – reference: Lidén C, Röndell E, Skare L, Nalbanti A. Nickel release from tools on the Swedish market. Contact Dermatitis 1998: 39: 127-131. – reference: Gawkrodger D J, McLeod C W, Dobson K. Nickel skin levels in different occupations and an estimate of the threshold for reacting to a single open application of nickel in nickel-allergic subjects. Br J Dermatol 2012: 166: 82-87. – reference: Lidén C, Carter S. Nickel release from coins. Contact Dermatitis 2001: 44: 160-165. – reference: Thyssen J P, Menné T, Lidén C et al. Cobalt release from implants and consumer items and characteristics of cobalt sensitized patients with dermatitis. 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Background
The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed... The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the extent to... Summary Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed... Background The existing EU nickel restriction does not sufficiently protect the population from skin exposure to nickel. Better understanding is needed of the... |
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| SubjectTerms | 316L stainless steel artificial sweat copper-nickel Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - diagnosis Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology Humans Monel alloy 400 nickel Nickel - administration & dosage Nickel - adverse effects nickel skin dose nickel-silver Sweat |
| Title | Short and frequent skin contact with nickel |
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