Evaluation of T cell responses to naturally processed variant SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens in individuals following infection or vaccination

Most existing studies characterizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses are peptide based. This does not allow evaluation of whether tested peptides are processed and presented canonically. In this study, we use recombinant vaccinia virus (rVACV)-m...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cell reports (Cambridge) Jg. 42; H. 5; S. 112470
Hauptverfasser: Yin, Zixi, Chen, Ji-Li, Lu, Yongxu, Wang, Beibei, Godfrey, Leila, Mentzer, Alexander J., Yao, Xuan, Liu, Guihai, Wellington, Dannielle, Zhao, Yiqi, Wing, Peter A.C., Dejnirattisa, Wanwisa, Supasa, Piyada, Liu, Chang, Hublitz, Philip, Beveridge, Ryan, Waugh, Craig, Clark, Sally-Ann, Clark, Kevin, Sopp, Paul, Rostron, Timothy, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, Screaton, Gavin R., Ogg, Graham, Ewer, Katie, Pollard, Andrew J., Gilbert, Sarah, Knight, Julian C., Lambe, Teresa, Smith, Geoffrey L., Dong, Tao, Peng, Yanchun
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Elsevier Inc 30.05.2023
Cell Press
Elsevier
Schlagworte:
Antibodies, Viral
antigen processing and presentation
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
COVID-19
CP: Immunology
Humans
immune escape
recombinant vaccinia virus
SARS-CoV-2
spike protein
T cell
Vaccination
variants of concern
CP: Immunology
SARS-CoV-2
variants of concern
T cell
spike protein
recombinant vaccinia virus
antigen processing and presentation
immune escape
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
ISSN:2211-1247, 2211-1247
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Most existing studies characterizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses are peptide based. This does not allow evaluation of whether tested peptides are processed and presented canonically. In this study, we use recombinant vaccinia virus (rVACV)-mediated expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and SARS-CoV-2 infection of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2-transduced B cell lines to evaluate overall T cell responses in a small cohort of recovered COVID-19 patients and uninfected donors vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. We show that rVACV expression of SARS-CoV-2 antigen can be used as an alternative to SARS-CoV-2 infection to evaluate T cell responses to naturally processed spike antigens. In addition, the rVACV system can be used to evaluate the cross-reactivity of memory T cells to variants of concern (VOCs) and to identify epitope escape mutants. Finally, our data show that both natural infection and vaccination could induce multi-functional T cell responses with overall T cell responses remaining despite the identification of escape mutations. [Display omitted] •Systems to evaluate overall T cell responses to naturally processed spike antigens•Recombinant VACV expression system can be an alternative to SARS-CoV-2 infection•Infection or vaccination-induced T cells cross-recognize variant SARS-CoV-2 spikes Yin et al. utilize two informative systems for evaluating overall T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and variants, enabling greater understanding of T cell responses to the virus, cross-reactivity to viral variants, and the differences between vaccine- and infection-induced immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viruses in the future.
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These authors contributed equally
Current address: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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ISSN:2211-1247
2211-1247
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112470