Morphological and Functional Changes of Corneal Nerves and Their Contribution to Peripheral and Central Sensory Abnormalities

The cornea is the most densely innervated and sensitive tissue in the body. The cornea is exclusively innervated by C- and A-delta fibers, including mechano-nociceptors that are triggered by noxious mechanical stimulation, polymodal nociceptors that are excited by mechanical, chemical, and thermal s...

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Vydáno v:Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Ročník 14; s. 610342
Hlavní autoři: Guerrero-Moreno, Adrian, Baudouin, Christophe, Melik Parsadaniantz, Stéphane, Réaux-Le Goazigo, Annabelle
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 10.12.2020
Frontiers
Frontiers Media S.A
Témata:
Brain stem
Cell adhesion & migration
Cellular Neuroscience
Cold
Cornea
Eye diseases
Hypersensitivity
inflammation
Life Sciences
Mechanical stimuli
Morphology
Nerve endings
Nervous system
Nociceptors
pain
Pain perception
Peptides
peripheral and central sensitization
Peripheral neuropathy
Population
Surgery
Thermal stimuli
Trigeminal ganglion
trigeminal ganglion
pain
cornea
inflammation
peripheral and central sensitization
ISSN:1662-5102, 1662-5102
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Shrnutí:The cornea is the most densely innervated and sensitive tissue in the body. The cornea is exclusively innervated by C- and A-delta fibers, including mechano-nociceptors that are triggered by noxious mechanical stimulation, polymodal nociceptors that are excited by mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimuli, and cold thermoreceptors that are activated by cooling. Noxious stimulations activate corneal nociceptors whose cell bodies are located in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and project central axons to the trigeminal brainstem sensory complex. Ocular pain, in particular, that driven by corneal nerves, is considered to be a core symptom of inflammatory and traumatic disorders of the ocular surface. Ocular surface injury affecting corneal nerves and leading to inflammatory responses can occur under multiple pathological conditions, such as chemical burn, persistent dry eye, and corneal neuropathic pain as well as after some ophthalmological surgical interventions such as photorefractive surgery. This review depicts the morphological and functional changes of corneal nerve terminals following corneal damage and dry eye disease (DED), both ocular surface conditions leading to sensory abnormalities. In addition, the recent fundamental and clinical findings of the importance of peripheral and central neuroimmune interactions in the development of corneal hypersensitivity are discussed. Next, the cellular and molecular changes of corneal neurons in the TG and central structures that are driven by corneal nerve abnormalities are presented. A better understanding of the corneal nerve abnormalities as well as neuroimmune interactions may contribute to the identification of a novel therapeutic targets for alleviating corneal pain.
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PMCID: PMC7758484
Edited by: Takayoshi Masuoka, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
This article was submitted to Cellular Neurophysiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Reviewed by: Ignacio Alcalde, Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Spain; Ian Meng, University of New England, United States; Yuichi Hori, Toho University, Japan
ISSN:1662-5102
1662-5102
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2020.610342