Pathogens Detected in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks in a Mountainous Area in Greece

Ixodes ricinus ticks are vectors of a plethora of pathogens. The purpose of this study was to screen 398 I. ricinus ticks for a variety of pathogens. Following the pooling, homogenization, and extraction of total nucleic acids, a real-time PCR was applied for the detection of a panel of tick-borne p...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pathogens (Basel) Jg. 13; H. 6; S. 449
Hauptverfasser: Tsioka, Katerina, Saratsis, Anastasios, Pappa, Styliani, Papa, Anna
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI AG 25.05.2024
MDPI
Schlagworte:
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Anaplasma phagocytophilum - genetics
Anaplasma phagocytophilum - isolation & purification
Animals
Arachnids
Borrelia
Borrelia - genetics
Borrelia - isolation & purification
Borrelia garinii
Borrelia valaisiana
Clustering
Encephalitis
genus
Goats
Greece
homogenization
Ixodes - microbiology
Ixodes - virology
Ixodes ricinus
monitoring
Mountain regions
Mountainous areas
mountains
Nucleic acids
Orthonairovirus
Pathogens
quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Real time
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Rickettsia
Rickettsia - genetics
Rickettsia - isolation & purification
species
Surveillance
tick-borne pathogens
Ticks
Vectors
Vegetation
Viruses
Greece
Germany
Greece
Borrelia
Ixodes ricinus
Rickettsia
tick-borne pathogens
ISSN:2076-0817, 2076-0817
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Zusammenfassung:Ixodes ricinus ticks are vectors of a plethora of pathogens. The purpose of this study was to screen 398 I. ricinus ticks for a variety of pathogens. Following the pooling, homogenization, and extraction of total nucleic acids, a real-time PCR was applied for the detection of a panel of tick-borne pathogens, while additional conventional PCRs combined with Sanger sequencing were applied for the detection of viruses and typing of Rickettsia and Borrelia species. At least one pathogen was detected in 60 of the 80 (75%) tick pools. Rickettsia spp. predominated, as it was detected in 63.75% of the pools (51/80; MIR 12.81%), followed by Borrelia spp. (35 pools (45%); MIR 8.79%), while Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in 2 pools (2.5%, MIR 0.5%). The ticks of six Rickettsia-positive pools were tested individually (from stored half-ticks); all sequences were identical to those of R. monacensis. Similarly, the ticks of six Borrelia-positive pools were tested individually, and it was shown that four belonged to the genospecies Borrelia garinii and two to Borrelia valaisiana. Phleboviruses were detected in 3 pools (3.75%; MIR 0.75%), with sequences clustering in the Ixovirus genus, while nairoviruses were detected in 7 pools (8.75%; MIR 1.76%), with one sequence clustering in the Orthonairovirus genus, and six clustering in the Norwavirus genus. Although a small number of ticks from only one area in Greece were tested, a variety of pathogens together with recently identified viruses were detected, prompting further studies in ticks and surveillance studies in humans.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens13060449