Establishing reliability and validity for mental health screening instruments in resource-constrained settings: Systematic review of the PHQ-9 and key recommendations

•Measure validation in diverse settings is key to account for contextual nuance.•Consider impact of medical comorbidities, administration, language on psychometrics.•Thorough reporting of assessment procedures aids in assessing measure performance. Mental illness is one of the largest contributors t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychiatry research Vol. 291; p. 113236
Main Authors: Carroll, Haley A., Hook, Kimberly, Perez, Oscar F. Rojas, Denckla, Christy, Vince, Christine Cooper, Ghebrehiwet, Senait, Ando, Kanako, Touma, Mia, Borba, Christina P.C., Fricchione, Gregory L., Henderson, David C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.09.2020
Subjects:
Global mental health
Health Resources
Humans
Low- and middle-income countries
Mass Screening - economics
Mass Screening - standards
Mental Disorders - diagnosis
Patient Health Questionnaire - economics
Patient Health Questionnaire - standards
Poverty - psychology
Psychological Techniques - economics
Psychological Techniques - standards
Psychometrics
Reproducibility of Results
Low- and middle-income countries
Psychometrics
Global mental health
ISSN:0165-1781, 1872-7123, 1872-7123
Online Access:Get full text
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Description
Summary:•Measure validation in diverse settings is key to account for contextual nuance.•Consider impact of medical comorbidities, administration, language on psychometrics.•Thorough reporting of assessment procedures aids in assessing measure performance. Mental illness is one of the largest contributors to the global disease burden. The importance of valid and reliable mental health measures is crucial in order to accurately measure said burden, to capture symptom improvement, and to ensure that symptoms are appropriately identified and quantified. This is of particular importance in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden of mental illness is relatively high, and there is heterogeneity in linguistic, racial, and ethnic groups. Using the PHQ-9 as an illustrative example, this systematic review aims to provide an overview of existing work and highlight common validation and reporting practices. A systematic review of published literature validating the use of the PHQ-9 in LMICs as indexed in the PubMed and PsychInfo databases was conducted. The review included n = 49 articles (reduced from n = 2,349). This manuscript summarizes these results in terms of the frequency of reporting on important procedures and in regards to the types of reliability and validity measured. Then, building off of the existing literature, we provide key recommendations for measure validation in LMICs, which can be generalized for any type of measure used in a setting in which it was not initially developed.
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Both authors contributed equally
CREDIT AUTHOR STATEMENT
Haley A. Carroll+: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – Original Draft. Kimberly Hook+: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – Original Draft. Oscar F. Rojas Perez: Writing – Original Draft. Christy Denckla: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation. Christine Cooper Vince: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation. Senait Ghebrehiwet: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft. Kanako Ando: Data Curation. Mia Touma: Data Curation. Christina Borba: Supervision. Gregory Fricchione: Supervision. Funding acquisition. David Henderson: Supervision. Funding acquisition. (+both authors contributed equally)
ISSN:0165-1781
1872-7123
1872-7123
DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113236