Pruritus as a Distinctive Feature of Type 2 Inflammation

Pruritus is a common symptom of several skin diseases, both inflammatory and neoplastic. Pruritus might have a tremendous impact on patients’ quality of life and strongly interfere with sleep, social, and work activities. We review the role of type-2 inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of...

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Veröffentlicht in:Vaccines (Basel) Jg. 9; H. 3; S. 303
Hauptverfasser: Garcovich, Simone, Maurelli, Martina, Gisondi, Paolo, Peris, Ketty, Yosipovitch, Gil, Girolomoni, Giampiero
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Switzerland MDPI 23.03.2021
MDPI AG
Schlagworte:
chronic pruritus
interleukin 31
itch
pruritogenic mediator
Review
skin diseases
T-helper type 2 cells
interleukin-4
pruritogenic mediator
itch
atopic dermatitis
prurigo
T-helper type 2 cells
chronic pruritus
interleukin-13
skin diseases
dupilumab
interleukin 31
ISSN:2076-393X, 2076-393X
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Zusammenfassung:Pruritus is a common symptom of several skin diseases, both inflammatory and neoplastic. Pruritus might have a tremendous impact on patients’ quality of life and strongly interfere with sleep, social, and work activities. We review the role of type-2 inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of chronic pruritic conditions of the skin. Type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, periostin, IL-31, IL-25, and IL-33 are released by mast cells, innate lymphoid cells 2, keratinocytes, and type 2 T lymphocytes, and are master regulators of chronic itch. These cytokines might act as direct pruritogen on primary sensory neurons (pruriceptors) or alter the sensitivity to other itch mediators Type 2 inflammation- and immunity-dominated skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, bullous pemphigoid, scabies, parasitic diseases, urticaria, and Sézary syndrome are indeed conditions associated with most severe pruritus. In contrast, in other skin diseases, such as scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, hidradenitis suppurativa, and acne, type 2 inflammation is less represented, and pruritus is milder or variable. Th2 inflammation and immunity evolved to protect against parasites, and thus, the scratching response evoked by pruritus might have developed to alert about the presence and to remove parasites from the skin surface.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
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ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines9030303