Spheres of influence: Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles

Summary Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are asymmetrical single bilayer membranous nanostructures produced by Gram‐negative bacteria important for bacterial interaction with the environment. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis, produces OMVs that act as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular oral microbiology Vol. 31; no. 5; pp. 365 - 378
Main Authors: Gui, M.J., Dashper, S.G., Slakeski, N., Chen, Y.-Y., Reynolds, E.C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2016
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:
Adhesins, Bacterial
Bacteria
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - chemistry
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - immunology
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - metabolism
biofilm
Biofilms
Cell Membrane - chemistry
Cell Membrane - immunology
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Cell Membrane - ultrastructure
Cysteine Endopeptidases
Lipids
lipids/lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides - chemistry
Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism
membrane curvature
Membranes
outer membrane vesicle biogenesis
Pathogens
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Porphyromonas gingivalis - genetics
Porphyromonas gingivalis - pathogenicity
Porphyromonas gingivalis - physiology
Porphyromonas gingivalis - ultrastructure
virulence
Virulence Factors
Porphyromonas gingivalis
membrane curvature
virulence
biofilm
lipids/lipopolysaccharides
outer membrane vesicle biogenesis
ISSN:2041-1006, 2041-1014, 2041-1014
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Summary:Summary Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are asymmetrical single bilayer membranous nanostructures produced by Gram‐negative bacteria important for bacterial interaction with the environment. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis, produces OMVs that act as a virulence factor secretion system contributing to its pathogenicity. Despite their biological importance, the mechanisms of OMV biogenesis have not been fully elucidated. The ~14 times more curvature of the OMV membrane than cell outer membrane (OM) indicates that OMV biogenesis requires energy expenditure for significant curvature of the OMV membrane. In P. gingivalis, we propose that this may be achieved by upregulating the production of certain inner or outer leaflet lipids, which causes localized outward curvature of the OM. This results in selection of anionic lipopolysaccharide (A‐LPS) and associated C‐terminal domain (CTD) ‐family proteins on the outer surface due to their ability to accommodate the curvature. Deacylation of A‐LPS may further enable increased curvature leading to OMV formation. Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs that are selectively enriched in CTD‐family proteins, largely the gingipains, can support bacterial coaggregation, promote biofilm development and act as an intercessor for the transport of non‐motile bacteria by motile bacteria. The P. gingivalis OMVs are also believed to contribute to host interaction and colonization, evasion of immune defense mechanisms, and destruction of periodontal tissues. They may be crucial for both micro‐ and macronutrient capture, especially heme and probably other assimilable compounds for its own benefit and that of the wider biofilm community.
Bibliography:International Postgraduate Research Scholarship
Australian Government under the University of Melbourne
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ArticleID:OMI12134
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ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ISSN:2041-1006
2041-1014
2041-1014
DOI:10.1111/omi.12134