Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention

Rapidly changing dietary practices and a sedentary lifestyle have led to increasing prevalence of childhood obesity (5-19 yr) in developing countries recently: 41.8% in Mexico, 22.1% in Brazil, 22.0% in India, and 19.3% in Argentina. Moreover, secular trends indicate increasing prevalence rates in t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Endocrine reviews Vol. 33; no. 1; p. 48
Main Authors: Gupta, Nidhi, Goel, Kashish, Shah, Priyali, Misra, Anoop
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.02.2012
Subjects:
Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Obesity - complications
Obesity - epidemiology
Obesity - prevention & control
Obesity - psychology
ISSN:1945-7189, 1945-7189
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Rapidly changing dietary practices and a sedentary lifestyle have led to increasing prevalence of childhood obesity (5-19 yr) in developing countries recently: 41.8% in Mexico, 22.1% in Brazil, 22.0% in India, and 19.3% in Argentina. Moreover, secular trends indicate increasing prevalence rates in these countries: 4.1 to 13.9% in Brazil during 1974-1997, 12.2 to 15.6% in Thailand during 1991-1993, and 9.8 to 11.7% in India during 2006-2009. Important determinants of childhood obesity include high socioeconomic status, residence in metropolitan cities, female gender, unawareness and false beliefs about nutrition, marketing by transnational food companies, increasing academic stress, and poor facilities for physical activity. Childhood obesity has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the early-onset metabolic syndrome, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, coronary artery diseases, and adulthood obesity. Therapeutic lifestyle changes and maintenance of regular physical activity through parental initiative and social support interventions are the most important strategies in managing childhood obesity. Also, high-risk screening and effective health educational programs are urgently needed in developing countries.
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ISSN:1945-7189
1945-7189
DOI:10.1210/er.2010-0028