Cancer cachexia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment

•A global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia is needed.•This review thoroughly examines the latest updates in cancer cachexia management.•Different cancer cachexia definitions and diagnostic criteria are compared.•Nutritional, muscularity, psychosocial, and biomarker assessm...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in oncology/hematology Vol. 127; pp. 91 - 104
Main Authors: Sadeghi, Mohammadamin, Keshavarz-Fathi, Mahsa, Baracos, Vickie, Arends, Jann, Mahmoudi, Maryam, Rezaei, Nima
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.07.2018
Subjects:
Biomarker
Cachexia - diagnosis
Cachexia - etiology
Cachexia - therapy
Cancer cachexia
Exercise
Humans
Neoplasms - complications
Neoplasms - therapy
Nutrition
Nutritional treatment
Palliative medicine
Pharmacologic treatment
Psychological treatment
Quality of Life
Cancer cachexia
Biomarker
Nutritional treatment
Palliative medicine
Exercise
Nutrition
Pharmacologic treatment
Psychological treatment
ISSN:1040-8428, 1879-0461, 1879-0461
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:•A global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia is needed.•This review thoroughly examines the latest updates in cancer cachexia management.•Different cancer cachexia definitions and diagnostic criteria are compared.•Nutritional, muscularity, psychosocial, and biomarker assessments are investigated.•Pharmacologic, nutritional, exercise, and psychosocial treatments are discussed. Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome, which negatively affects quality of life, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and survival in advanced cancer patients. Our understanding of cachexia has grown greatly in recent years and the roles of many tumor-derived and host-derived compounds have been elucidated as mediators of cancer cachexia. However, cancer cachexia remains an unmet medical need and attempts towards a standard treatment guideline have been unsuccessful. This review covers the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of cancer cachexia; the elements impeding the formulation of a standard management guideline; and future directions of research for the improvement and standardization of current treatment procedures.
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ISSN:1040-8428
1879-0461
1879-0461
DOI:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.006