Cancer cachexia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment

•A global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia is needed.•This review thoroughly examines the latest updates in cancer cachexia management.•Different cancer cachexia definitions and diagnostic criteria are compared.•Nutritional, muscularity, psychosocial, and biomarker assessm...

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Published in:Critical reviews in oncology/hematology Vol. 127; pp. 91 - 104
Main Authors: Sadeghi, Mohammadamin, Keshavarz-Fathi, Mahsa, Baracos, Vickie, Arends, Jann, Mahmoudi, Maryam, Rezaei, Nima
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.07.2018
Subjects:
Biomarker
Cachexia - diagnosis
Cachexia - etiology
Cachexia - therapy
Cancer cachexia
Exercise
Humans
Neoplasms - complications
Neoplasms - therapy
Nutrition
Nutritional treatment
Palliative medicine
Pharmacologic treatment
Psychological treatment
Quality of Life
Cancer cachexia
Biomarker
Nutritional treatment
Palliative medicine
Exercise
Nutrition
Pharmacologic treatment
Psychological treatment
ISSN:1040-8428, 1879-0461, 1879-0461
Online Access:Get full text
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Abstract •A global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia is needed.•This review thoroughly examines the latest updates in cancer cachexia management.•Different cancer cachexia definitions and diagnostic criteria are compared.•Nutritional, muscularity, psychosocial, and biomarker assessments are investigated.•Pharmacologic, nutritional, exercise, and psychosocial treatments are discussed. Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome, which negatively affects quality of life, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and survival in advanced cancer patients. Our understanding of cachexia has grown greatly in recent years and the roles of many tumor-derived and host-derived compounds have been elucidated as mediators of cancer cachexia. However, cancer cachexia remains an unmet medical need and attempts towards a standard treatment guideline have been unsuccessful. This review covers the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of cancer cachexia; the elements impeding the formulation of a standard management guideline; and future directions of research for the improvement and standardization of current treatment procedures.
AbstractList •A global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia is needed.•This review thoroughly examines the latest updates in cancer cachexia management.•Different cancer cachexia definitions and diagnostic criteria are compared.•Nutritional, muscularity, psychosocial, and biomarker assessments are investigated.•Pharmacologic, nutritional, exercise, and psychosocial treatments are discussed. Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome, which negatively affects quality of life, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and survival in advanced cancer patients. Our understanding of cachexia has grown greatly in recent years and the roles of many tumor-derived and host-derived compounds have been elucidated as mediators of cancer cachexia. However, cancer cachexia remains an unmet medical need and attempts towards a standard treatment guideline have been unsuccessful. This review covers the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of cancer cachexia; the elements impeding the formulation of a standard management guideline; and future directions of research for the improvement and standardization of current treatment procedures.
Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome, which negatively affects quality of life, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and survival in advanced cancer patients. Our understanding of cachexia has grown greatly in recent years and the roles of many tumor-derived and host-derived compounds have been elucidated as mediators of cancer cachexia. However, cancer cachexia remains an unmet medical need and attempts towards a standard treatment guideline have been unsuccessful. This review covers the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of cancer cachexia; the elements impeding the formulation of a standard management guideline; and future directions of research for the improvement and standardization of current treatment procedures.Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome, which negatively affects quality of life, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and survival in advanced cancer patients. Our understanding of cachexia has grown greatly in recent years and the roles of many tumor-derived and host-derived compounds have been elucidated as mediators of cancer cachexia. However, cancer cachexia remains an unmet medical need and attempts towards a standard treatment guideline have been unsuccessful. This review covers the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of cancer cachexia; the elements impeding the formulation of a standard management guideline; and future directions of research for the improvement and standardization of current treatment procedures.
Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome, which negatively affects quality of life, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and survival in advanced cancer patients. Our understanding of cachexia has grown greatly in recent years and the roles of many tumor-derived and host-derived compounds have been elucidated as mediators of cancer cachexia. However, cancer cachexia remains an unmet medical need and attempts towards a standard treatment guideline have been unsuccessful. This review covers the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of cancer cachexia; the elements impeding the formulation of a standard management guideline; and future directions of research for the improvement and standardization of current treatment procedures.
Author Rezaei, Nima
Baracos, Vickie
Sadeghi, Mohammadamin
Arends, Jann
Mahmoudi, Maryam
Keshavarz-Fathi, Mahsa
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mohammadamin
  surname: Sadeghi
  fullname: Sadeghi, Mohammadamin
  organization: Molecular Medicine Interest Group (MMIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mahsa
  surname: Keshavarz-Fathi
  fullname: Keshavarz-Fathi, Mahsa
  organization: Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Vickie
  surname: Baracos
  fullname: Baracos, Vickie
  organization: Department of Oncology, Division of Palliative Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jann
  surname: Arends
  fullname: Arends, Jann
  organization: Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Maryam
  surname: Mahmoudi
  fullname: Mahmoudi, Maryam
  organization: Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Nima
  surname: Rezaei
  fullname: Rezaei, Nima
  email: rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir
  organization: Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29891116$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Cancer cachexia
Biomarker
Nutritional treatment
Palliative medicine
Exercise
Nutrition
Pharmacologic treatment
Psychological treatment
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Snippet •A global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cachexia is needed.•This review thoroughly examines the latest updates in cancer cachexia...
Cancer cachexia is a multi-factorial syndrome, which negatively affects quality of life, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and survival in advanced cancer...
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SubjectTerms Biomarker
Cachexia - diagnosis
Cachexia - etiology
Cachexia - therapy
Cancer cachexia
Exercise
Humans
Neoplasms - complications
Neoplasms - therapy
Nutrition
Nutritional treatment
Palliative medicine
Pharmacologic treatment
Psychological treatment
Quality of Life
Title Cancer cachexia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment
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https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.006
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29891116
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