The Role of the Microbiome in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

Although the prominent role of the microbiome in human health has been established, the early-life microbiome is now being recognized as a major influence on long-term human health and development. Variations in the composition and functional potential of the early-life microbiome are the result of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatrics (Evanston) Vol. 141; no. 4
Main Authors: Stiemsma, Leah T, Michels, Karin B
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.04.2018
Subjects:
Asthma - microbiology
Asthma - prevention & control
Breast Feeding - trends
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Health Status
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Maternal-Fetal Exchange - physiology
Neurodevelopmental Disorders - microbiology
Neurodevelopmental Disorders - prevention & control
Pregnancy
Primary Prevention - methods
Primary Prevention - trends
ISSN:1098-4275, 1098-4275
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Although the prominent role of the microbiome in human health has been established, the early-life microbiome is now being recognized as a major influence on long-term human health and development. Variations in the composition and functional potential of the early-life microbiome are the result of lifestyle factors, such as mode of birth, breastfeeding, diet, and antibiotic usage. In addition, variations in the composition of the early-life microbiome have been associated with specific disease outcomes, such as asthma, obesity, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This points toward this bacterial consortium as a mediator between early lifestyle factors and health and disease. In addition, variations in the microbial intrauterine environment may predispose neonates to specific health outcomes later in life. A role of the microbiome in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease is supported in this collective research. Highlighting the early-life critical window of susceptibility associated with microbiome development, we discuss infant microbial colonization, beginning with the maternal-to-fetal exchange of microbes in utero and up through the influence of breastfeeding in the first year of life. In addition, we review the available disease-specific evidence pointing toward the microbiome as a mechanistic mediator in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.
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ISSN:1098-4275
1098-4275
DOI:10.1542/peds.2017-2437