Gut Microbiome of an 11th Century A.D. Pre-Columbian Andean Mummy

The process of natural mummification is a rare and unique process from which little is known about the resulting microbial community structure. In the present study, we characterized the microbiome of paleofeces, and ascending, transverse and descending colon of an 11th century A.D. pre-Columbian An...

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Vydané v:	PloS one Ročník 10; číslo 9; s. e0138135
Hlavní autori:	Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M., Fornaciari, Gino, Luciani, Stefania, Dowd, Scot E., Toranzos, Gary A., Marota, Isolina, Cano, Raul J.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	United States Public Library of Science 30.09.2015 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Predmet:	Aminoglycosides Antibiotics Bacteria Chloramphenicol Clostridium Clostridium - genetics Colon Community structure Contact pressure Deoxyribonucleic acid Digestive system DNA Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics Eukaryotes Evolution Feces Fosfomycin Gastrointestinal Microbiome Gene sequencing Genes Homology Human papillomavirus Humans Infectious diseases Intestinal microflora Laboratories Microbiomes Microbiota Microorganisms Mummies - microbiology Museums Next-generation sequencing Nucleotide sequence Papillomaviridae Pathogens Penicillin Proteins Quinolones RNA, Bacterial - genetics RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics rRNA 16S Studies Trypanosoma cruzi Vancomycin Veterinary medicine Virology Viruses South America Italy California United States > US Peru Africa
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Shrnutí:	The process of natural mummification is a rare and unique process from which little is known about the resulting microbial community structure. In the present study, we characterized the microbiome of paleofeces, and ascending, transverse and descending colon of an 11th century A.D. pre-Columbian Andean mummy by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics. Firmicutes were the most abundant bacterial group, with Clostridium spp. comprising up to 96.2% of the mummified gut, while Turicibacter spp. represented 89.2% of the bacteria identified in the paleofeces. Microbiome profile of the paleofeces was unique when compared to previously characterized coprolites that did not undergo natural mummification. We identified DNA sequences homologous to Clostridium botulinum, Trypanosoma cruzi and human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Unexpectedly, putative antibiotic-resistance genes including beta-lactamases, penicillin-binding proteins, resistance to fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfa, quinolones, tetracycline and vancomycin, and multi-drug transporters, were also identified. The presence of putative antibiotic-resistance genes suggests that resistance may not necessarily be associated with a selective pressure of antibiotics or contact with European cultures. Identification of pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes in ancient human specimens will aid in the understanding of the evolution of pathogens as a way to treat and prevent diseases caused by bacteria, microbial eukaryotes and viruses.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: RJC. Performed the experiments: TSR SED. Analyzed the data: RJC TSR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GF SL IM SED. Wrote the paper: TSR GF SL GAT RJC. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0138135