Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic and Physical Adaptations to Different Exercise Training Modes in Young and Old Humans

The molecular transducers of benefits from different exercise modalities remain incompletely defined. Here we report that 12 weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval (HIIT), resistance (RT), and combined exercise training enhanced insulin sensitivity and lean mass, but only HIIT and combined trainin...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell metabolism Vol. 25; no. 3; p. 581
Main Authors: Robinson, Matthew M, Dasari, Surendra, Konopka, Adam R, Johnson, Matthew L, Manjunatha, S, Esponda, Raul Ruiz, Carter, Rickey E, Lanza, Ian R, Nair, K Sreekumaran
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 07.03.2017
Subjects:
Adaptation, Physiological
Adolescent
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging - physiology
Down-Regulation - genetics
Exercise - physiology
Female
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Male
Metabolism
Methylation
Middle Aged
Mitochondria - metabolism
Muscle Proteins - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Physical Fitness
Protein Biosynthesis
Proteome - metabolism
Young Adult
methylation
transcriptome
exercise
interval
aging
tracer
skeletal muscle
human
insulin clamp
proteome
ISSN:1932-7420, 1932-7420
Online Access:Get more information
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The molecular transducers of benefits from different exercise modalities remain incompletely defined. Here we report that 12 weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval (HIIT), resistance (RT), and combined exercise training enhanced insulin sensitivity and lean mass, but only HIIT and combined training improved aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. HIIT revealed a more robust increase in gene transcripts than other exercise modalities, particularly in older adults, although little overlap with corresponding individual protein abundance was noted. HIIT reversed many age-related differences in the proteome, particularly of mitochondrial proteins in concert with increased mitochondrial protein synthesis. Both RT and HIIT enhanced proteins involved in translational machinery irrespective of age. Only small changes of methylation of DNA promoter regions were observed. We provide evidence for predominant exercise regulation at the translational level, enhancing translational capacity and proteome abundance to explain phenotypic gains in muscle mitochondrial function and hypertrophy in all ages.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
content type line 23
ISSN:1932-7420
1932-7420
DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.009