Molecular mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans. This raises the possibility of heritable ‘epimutations’ contributing to heritable phenotypic variation and thus to evoluti...

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Published in:Nature reviews. Genetics Vol. 23; no. 6; pp. 325 - 341
Main Authors: Fitz-James, Maximilian H., Cavalli, Giacomo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.06.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/208/176
631/337/100
631/337/176
Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Databases, Genetic
DNA Methylation
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetics
Epigenomics
Gene Function
Heredity
Histones
Human Genetics
Inheritance Patterns
Life Sciences
Mammals
Molecular modelling
Nucleotide sequence
Phenotypes
Phenotypic variations
Review Article
Species
ISSN:1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
Online Access:Get full text
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Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans. This raises the possibility of heritable ‘epimutations’ contributing to heritable phenotypic variation and thus to evolution. Recent work has shed light on both the signals that underpin these epimutations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and the mechanisms by which they are transmitted across generations at the molecular level. These mechanisms can vary greatly among species and have a more limited effect in mammals than in plants and other animal species. Nevertheless, common principles are emerging, with transmission occurring either via direct replicative mechanisms or indirect reconstruction of the signal in subsequent generations. As these processes become clearer we continue to improve our understanding of the distinctive features and relative contribution of DNA sequence and epigenetic variation to heritable differences in phenotype. In this Review, Fitz-James and Cavalli discuss the diverse and often multilayered mechanisms by which transgenerational epigenetic inheritance can occur in different species.
AbstractList Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans. This raises the possibility of heritable ‘epimutations’ contributing to heritable phenotypic variation and thus to evolution. Recent work has shed light on both the signals that underpin these epimutations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and the mechanisms by which they are transmitted across generations at the molecular level. These mechanisms can vary greatly among species and have a more limited effect in mammals than in plants and other animal species. Nevertheless, common principles are emerging, with transmission occurring either via direct replicative mechanisms or indirect reconstruction of the signal in subsequent generations. As these processes become clearer we continue to improve our understanding of the distinctive features and relative contribution of DNA sequence and epigenetic variation to heritable differences in phenotype. In this Review, Fitz-James and Cavalli discuss the diverse and often multilayered mechanisms by which transgenerational epigenetic inheritance can occur in different species.
Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans. This raises the possibility of heritable 'epimutations' contributing to heritable phenotypic variation and thus to evolution. Recent work has shed light on both the signals that underpin these epimutations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and the mechanisms by which they are transmitted across generations at the molecular level. These mechanisms can vary greatly among species and have a more limited effect in mammals than in plants and other animal species. Nevertheless, common principles are emerging, with transmission occurring either via direct replicative mechanisms or indirect reconstruction of the signal in subsequent generations. As these processes become clearer we continue to improve our understanding of the distinctive features and relative contribution of DNA sequence and epigenetic variation to heritable differences in phenotype.Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans. This raises the possibility of heritable 'epimutations' contributing to heritable phenotypic variation and thus to evolution. Recent work has shed light on both the signals that underpin these epimutations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and the mechanisms by which they are transmitted across generations at the molecular level. These mechanisms can vary greatly among species and have a more limited effect in mammals than in plants and other animal species. Nevertheless, common principles are emerging, with transmission occurring either via direct replicative mechanisms or indirect reconstruction of the signal in subsequent generations. As these processes become clearer we continue to improve our understanding of the distinctive features and relative contribution of DNA sequence and epigenetic variation to heritable differences in phenotype.
Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans. This raises the possibility of heritable 'epimutations' contributing to heritable phenotypic variation and thus to evolution. Recent work has shed light on both the signals that underpin these epimutations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and the mechanisms by which they are transmitted across generations at the molecular level. These mechanisms can vary greatly among species and have a more limited effect in mammals than in plants and other animal species. Nevertheless, common principles are emerging, with transmission occurring either via direct replicative mechanisms or indirect reconstruction of the signal in subsequent generations. As these processes become clearer we continue to improve our understanding of the distinctive features and relative contribution of DNA sequence and epigenetic variation to heritable differences in phenotype.
Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans. This raises the possibility of heritable ‘epimutations’ contributing to heritable phenotypic variation and thus to evolution. Recent work has shed light on both the signals that underpin these epimutations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and the mechanisms by which they are transmitted across generations at the molecular level. These mechanisms can vary greatly among species and have a more limited effect in mammals than in plants and other animal species. Nevertheless, common principles are emerging, with transmission occurring either via direct replicative mechanisms or indirect reconstruction of the signal in subsequent generations. As these processes become clearer we continue to improve our understanding of the distinctive features and relative contribution of DNA sequence and epigenetic variation to heritable differences in phenotype.In this Review, Fitz-James and Cavalli discuss the diverse and often multilayered mechanisms by which transgenerational epigenetic inheritance can occur in different species.
Author Fitz-James, Maximilian H.
Cavalli, Giacomo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Maximilian H.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6084-5887
  surname: Fitz-James
  fullname: Fitz-James, Maximilian H.
  organization: Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS and University of Montpellier
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Giacomo
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3709-3469
  surname: Cavalli
  fullname: Cavalli, Giacomo
  email: giacomo.cavalli@igh.cnrs.fr
  organization: Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS and University of Montpellier
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34983971$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to...
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StartPage 325
SubjectTerms 631/208/176
631/337/100
631/337/176
Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Databases, Genetic
DNA Methylation
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetics
Epigenomics
Gene Function
Heredity
Histones
Human Genetics
Inheritance Patterns
Life Sciences
Mammals
Molecular modelling
Nucleotide sequence
Phenotypes
Phenotypic variations
Review Article
Species
Title Molecular mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41576-021-00438-5
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34983971
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2666720592
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2616957594
https://hal.science/hal-03805066
Volume 23
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