Chikungunya viruses containing the A226V mutation detected retrospectively in Cameroon form a new geographical subclade

•Chikungunya viruses (CHIKVs) in Cameroon form a new geographical subclade.•Cameroon CHIKVs contain the A226V mutation.•Cameroon CHIKVs have an evolutionary rate two times that of the main East/Central/South African (ECSA).•CHIKVs in Yaoundé and surrounding areas are likely Aedes albopictus-adapted....

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Published in:International journal of infectious diseases Vol. 113; pp. 65 - 73
Main Authors: Agbodzi, Bright, Yousseu, Francine Berlange Sado, Simo, Fredy Brice Nemg, Kumordjie, Selassie, Yeboah, Clara, Mosore, Mba-Tihssommah, Bentil, Ronald E., Prieto, Karla, Colston, Sophie M., Attram, Naiki, Nimo-Paintsil, Shirley, Fox, Anne T., Bonney, Joseph H.K., Ampofo, William, Coatsworth, Heather G., Dinglasan, Rhoel R., Wolfe, David M., Wiley, Michael R., Demanou, Maurice, Letizia, Andrew G.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Canada Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2021
Elsevier
Subjects:
Aedes
Aedes albopictus
Animals
Cameroon
Cameroon - epidemiology
Chikungunya Fever - epidemiology
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
Chikungunya virus - genetics
Disease Outbreaks
E1-A226V
Humans
Mosquito Vectors
Mutation
New Central African Clade (nCAC)
Phylogeny
Retrospective Studies
Cameroon
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
Cameroon
Aedes albopictus
New Central African Clade (nCAC)
E1-A226V
ISSN:1201-9712, 1878-3511, 1878-3511
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Summary:•Chikungunya viruses (CHIKVs) in Cameroon form a new geographical subclade.•Cameroon CHIKVs contain the A226V mutation.•Cameroon CHIKVs have an evolutionary rate two times that of the main East/Central/South African (ECSA).•CHIKVs in Yaoundé and surrounding areas are likely Aedes albopictus-adapted. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arbovirus associated with sporadic outbreaks in Cameroon since 2006. Viral whole genomes were generated to analyze the origins of evolutionary lineages, the potential of emergence/re-emergence, and to infer transmission dynamics of recent Cameroon CHIKV outbreak strains. Samples collected between 2016 and 2019 during CHIKV outbreaks in Cameroon were screened for CHIKV using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), followed by whole genome sequencing of positive samples. Three coding-complete CHIKV genomes were obtained from samples, which belong to an emerging sub-lineage of the East/Central/South African genotype and formed a monophyletic taxon with previous Central African strains. This clade, which we have named the new Central African clade, appears to be evolving at 3.0 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year (95% highest posterior density (HPD) interval of 1.94 × 10−4 to 4.1 × 10−4). Notably, mutations in the envelope proteins (E1-A226V, E2-L210Q, and E2-I211T), which are known to enhance CHIKV adaptability and infectious potential in Aedes albopictus, were present in all strains and mapped to established high-density Ae. albopictus populations. These new CHIKV strains constitute a conserved genomic pool of an emerging sub-lineage, reflecting a putative vector host adaptation to Ae. albopictus, which has practically displaced Aedes aegypti from select regions of Cameroon.
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ISSN:1201-9712
1878-3511
1878-3511
DOI:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.058