A risk assessment approach to identifying constituents in oilfield produced water for treatment prior to beneficial use

A risk assessment approach incorporating exposure pathways and calculated risk quotients was applied to identifying constituents requiring treatment prior to beneficial use of oilfield produced water (OPW). In this study, risk quotients are ratios of constituent concentrations in soil or water to gu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol. 74; no. 4; pp. 989 - 999
Main Authors: Horner, Jennifer E., Castle, James W., Rodgers, John H.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: San Diego, CA Elsevier Inc 01.05.2011
Elsevier
Subjects:
adverse effects
aerosols
Africa South of the Sahara
Agricultural Irrigation
Animal Husbandry
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
Applied sciences
basins
Beneficial use
Biological and medical sciences
chlorides
Conservation of Natural Resources
Constituents
direct contact
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data
Exact sciences and technology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
guidelines
Ingestion
iron
Iron constituents
irrigated soils
Irrigation
irrigation rates
irrigation water
Livestock
manganese
nickel
Petroleum - toxicity
plant tissues
Pollution
Produced water
Quotients
relative risk
Risk
Risk Assessment
Risk quotient
soil water
total solids
Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Water Purification
Water quality
water quantity
Water Supply - analysis
water treatment
Water treatment and pollution
zinc
Africa South of the Sahara
Africa
Risk quotient
Beneficial use
Produced water
Risk assessment
Water quality
Water treatment
Ecotoxicology
Toxicity
Risk
Risk analysis
Environment
Environmental monitoring
Quotient
Environment quality
ISSN:0147-6513, 1090-2414, 1090-2414
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:A risk assessment approach incorporating exposure pathways and calculated risk quotients was applied to identifying constituents requiring treatment prior to beneficial use of oilfield produced water (OPW). In this study, risk quotients are ratios of constituent concentrations in soil or water to guideline concentrations for no adverse effects to receptors. The risk assessment approach is illustrated by an example of an oilfield water produced from non-marine geologic strata of a rift basin in sub-Saharan Africa. The OPW studied has the following characteristics: 704–1370 mg L −1 total dissolved solids (TDS), 45–48 mg L −1 chloride, and 103.8 mg L −1 oil and grease. Exposure pathways of constituents in OPW used for irrigation include: ingestion of plant tissue, ingestion and direct contact of irrigated soil by livestock, inhalation of aerosols or volatilized constituents, and ingestion of OPW directly by livestock. Applying risk quotient methods for constituents in soil and water, constituents of concern (COCs) identified for irrigation and livestock watering using the OPW studied include: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and oil and grease. Approximately 165,000 barrels d −1 (26,233 m 3 d −1) of OPW from the study site are available for use. Identification of COCs and consideration of water quantity allows for development of reliable treatment design criteria to ensure effective and consistent treatment is achieved to meet guideline levels required for irrigation, livestock watering, or other uses. This study illustrates the utility of risk assessment for identifying the COCs in OPW for treatment, the level of treatment required, and viable options for use of the treated water.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.012
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:0147-6513
1090-2414
1090-2414
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.012