The Intersection of Rural Residence and Minority Race/Ethnicity in Cancer Disparities in the United States

One in every twenty-five persons in America is a racial/ethnic minority who lives in a rural area. Our objective was to summarize how racism and, subsequently, the social determinants of health disproportionately affect rural racial/ethnic minority populations, provide a review of the cancer dispari...

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Veröffentlicht in:	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Jg. 18; H. 4; S. 1384
Hauptverfasser:	Zahnd, Whitney E., Murphy, Cathryn, Knoll, Marie, Benavidez, Gabriel A., Day, Kelsey R., Ranganathan, Radhika, Luke, Parthenia, Zgodic, Anja, Shi, Kewei, Merrell, Melinda A., Crouch, Elizabeth L., Brandt, Heather M., Eberth, Jan M.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Switzerland MDPI AG 03.02.2021 MDPI
Schlagworte:	Access access to care African Americans American Indians Biostatistics Black or African American Breast cancer Cancer cancer disparities cancer outcomes cancer surveillance Cancer therapies Epidemiology Ethnic Groups Ethnicity Evidence based research Evidence-based practice Health care Health care access Health disparities Health services Health Services Accessibility Health Services Administration Healthcare Disparities Hispanic Americans Humans Immigration policy Indigenous peoples Intervention Medical screening Medical treatment Minority & ethnic groups Minority Groups Native North Americans Neoplasms Pacific Islander people Population Poverty Prevention Public Health Education and Promotion Race Racial differences Racial inequality racial/ethnic minorities Racism Review rural Rural areas Rural communities Rural Population Rurality Segregation social determinants of health Social factors Social Work Socioeconomic factors Tests United States United States (epidemiology) United States United States > US Alaska cancer surveillance social determinants of health cancer outcomes rural access to care racial/ethnic minorities cancer disparities
ISSN:	1660-4601, 1661-7827, 1660-4601
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Zusammenfassung:	One in every twenty-five persons in America is a racial/ethnic minority who lives in a rural area. Our objective was to summarize how racism and, subsequently, the social determinants of health disproportionately affect rural racial/ethnic minority populations, provide a review of the cancer disparities experienced by rural racial/ethnic minority groups, and recommend policy, research, and intervention approaches to reduce these disparities. We found that rural Black and American Indian/Alaska Native populations experience greater poverty and lack of access to care, which expose them to greater risk of developing cancer and experiencing poorer cancer outcomes in treatment and ultimately survival. There is a critical need for additional research to understand the disparities experienced by all rural racial/ethnic minority populations. We propose that policies aim to increase access to care and healthcare resources for these communities. Further, that observational and interventional research should more effectively address the intersections of rurality and race/ethnicity through reduced structural and interpersonal biases in cancer care, increased data access, more research on newer cancer screening and treatment modalities, and continued intervention and implementation research to understand how evidence-based practices can most effectively reduce disparities among these populations.
Bibliographie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601
DOI:	10.3390/ijerph18041384