Measuring the Consumption of Individual Solid and Liquid Bites Using a Table-Embedded Scale During Unrestricted Eating

The universal eating monitor (UEM) is a table-embedded scale used to measure grams consumed over time while a person eats. It has been used in laboratory settings to test the effects of anorectic drugs and behavior manipulations such as slowing eating, and to study relationships between demographics...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics Vol. 21; no. 6; pp. 1711 - 1718
Main Authors: Mattfeld, Ryan S., Muth, Eric R., Hoover, Adam
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States IEEE 01.11.2017
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Affective computing
Aged
Algorithms
Automatic Data Processing - methods
Biomedical measurement
Body weight
Cameras
computer aided analysis
Demographics
Demography
detection algorithms
Dietary restrictions
discrete-event systems
Drinking - physiology
Drugs
Eating
Eating behavior
electrical engineering computing
Feeding Behavior - physiology
Female
Food
Ground truth
Humans
Informatics
Instruments
Kitchen utensils
Laboratories
Male
Medical Informatics - methods
Middle Aged
Monitoring
Statistical analysis
Tables
Time measurement
Utensils
Weight measurement
Young Adult
ISSN:2168-2194, 2168-2208, 2168-2208
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The universal eating monitor (UEM) is a table-embedded scale used to measure grams consumed over time while a person eats. It has been used in laboratory settings to test the effects of anorectic drugs and behavior manipulations such as slowing eating, and to study relationships between demographics and body weight. However, its use requires restricted conditions on the foods consumed and behaviors allowed during eating in order to simplify analysis of the scale data. Individual bites can only be measured when the only interaction with the scale is to carefully remove a single bite of food, consume it fully, and wait a minimum amount of time before the next bite. Other interactions are prohibited such as stirring and manipulating foods, retrieving or placing napkins or utensils on the scale, and in general anything that would change the scale weight that was not related to the consumption of an individual bite. This paper describes a new algorithm that can detect and measure the weight or individual bites consumed during unrestricted eating. The algorithm works by identifying time periods when the scale weight is stable, and then, analyzing the surrounding weight changes. The series of preceding and succeeding weight changes is compared against patterns for single food bites, food mass bites, and drink bites to determine if a scale interaction is due to a bite or some other activity. The method was tested on 271 subjects, each eating a single meal in a cafeteria setting. A total of 24 101 bites were manually annotated in synchronized videos to establish ground truth as to the true, false, and missed detections of bites. Our algorithm correctly detected and weighed approximately 39% of bites with approximately one false positive (FP) per ten actual bites. The improvement compared to the UEM is approximately three times the number of true detections and a 90% reduction in the number of FPs. Finally, an analysis of bites that could not be weighed compared to those that could be weighed revealed no statistically significant difference in average weight. These results suggest that our algorithm could be used to conduct studies using a table scale outside of laboratory or clinical settings and with unrestricted eating behaviors.
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ISSN:2168-2194
2168-2208
2168-2208
DOI:10.1109/JBHI.2016.2632621